Hallucinogens classical

Glennon RA (1990) Do classical hallucinogens act as 5-HT2 agonists or antagonists. Neuropsychopharmacology 3 509-517... 

Nichols, DE. Differences between the mechanisms of action of MDMA, MBDB, and the classical hallucinogens. Identification of a new therapeutic class Entactogens. J Psychoactive Drugs 18 305-313, 1986. 

Glennon RA (1996). Classic hallucinogens. In CR Schuster and MJ Kuhar (eds), Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence Towards an Integrated Neurobehavioral Approach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

In this chapter, we have reviewed the effects of indolealkylamine and phen-ylalkylamine hallucinogens on respondent (classical or Pavlovian) and operant (instrumental) behavior. Both the classically conditioned NMR and bar pressing or licking that is simultaneously reinforced with food or water and suppressed by punishment appear to be particularly sensitive to low doses of LSD- or mescaline-like agents. To date, however, neither of these behaviors has provided substantial amounts of information regarding specific, underlying neuronal mechanisms. 

The natural prototype for the phenylalkylamines is mescaline (Structure 1), isolated from the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) by Heffter in 1896 (100) and subsequently obtained synthetically by Spath in 1919 (218). Used for many centuries in the form of peyote by Indians in Mexico and the American Southwest (3), it is often referred to as one of the classic hallucinogens, along with psilocybin, psilocin, and LSD. Little structure-activity work was directed toward mescaline or its congeners until 1955, when Peretz et al. (174) reported that a-methyl mescaline (TMA) (8), which represented a hybrid of the structure... 

In those early mushroom experiences at La Chorrera there was an aura of the animate and the strange, the idea that the mushroom was somehow more than a plant hallucinogen or even a shamanic ally of the classic sort. It had begun to dawn on me that the mushroom was in fact a kind of intelligent entity—not of earth—alien and able during the trance to communicate its personality as a presence in the inward-turned perceptions of its beholder. 

Hallucinogenic activity Most classical" hallucinogens such as LSD and mescaline are antagonists at 5-HT2 receptors... 

Hallucinogenic activity 5-HT2 antagonists suppress REM sleep Most "classical" hallucinogens such as LSD and... 

To date more than 50 pharmaceuticals or drugs of abuse have been reported to be detectable in hair after oral or parenteral administration, in addition to the "classical" drugs mentioned above. The present chapter aims to review the papers devoted to these "unusual" compounds, that have been categorized in 11 classes opioids (i.e., semisynthetic or synthetic morphine derivatives), hallucinogens, psychostimulants (including nicotine), barbiturates, benzodiazepines, other sedatives/hypnotics. 

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