Terminology Nomenclature

Standard TEMA Heat Exchanger Terminology/Nomenclature ... 

This manual has been prepared by the Commission on Colloid and Surface Chemistry including Catalysis of the IUPAC. It complements the Manual on Catalyst Characterisation which concerned nomenclature [1] and should be read in conjunction with this earlier manual. The Manual of Methods and Procedures for Catalyst Characterization provides details and recommendations concerning the experimental methods used in catalysis. The objective is to provide recommendations on methodology (rational approaches to preparation and measurements). It is not intended to provide specific methods of preparation or measurement, nor is it concerned with terminology, nomenclature, or standardization. 

Refs. [i] IUPAC compendium of chemical terminology Nomenclature for transport phenomena in electrolytic systems (PAC, 1981, 53, 1827). Electronic version http //www.iupac.org/goldbook/C01456.pdf [ii] Paunovic M, Schlesinger M (1998) Fundamentals of electrochemical deposition. Wiley, New York... 

Impedances of Electrochemical Systems Terminology, Nomenclature and Representation. Part I. Cells with Metal Electrodes and Liquid Solutions, (prepared for publicaUon by M. Sluyters-Rehbach) PureAppL Chem. 66 (1994) 1831. 

This chapter deals with some aspects of terminology, nomenclature and notation for solids. However, in cases where detailed structural information is to be conveyed, fully systematic names can be difficult to construct. An attempt to deal with this problem is described in Ref. 1. 

Castells, Some comments on fullerene terminology, nomenclature, and aromaticity, Fullerene Sci. Technol. 2, 367-379 (1994). 

As a result of these differences, the terminology/nomenclature of coal is complex and variable and is the result of many schemes that have been suggested over the years since coal came into prominence as the object of scientific study. 

Proposed lUPAC nomenclature is scrutinized for validity, accuracy and consistency across all branches of Chemistry, and over Science generally, by lUPAC s Interdivisional Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature and Symbols. The committee has representation from other International Scientific Unions Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (lUBMB), Crystallography (lUCr), Nutritional Sciences (lUNS), Pharmacology (lUPHAR) and Pure and Applied Physics (lUPAP), and from the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), as well as Divisional and other representatives of lUPAC. 

After consideration of the comments, the next version is produced and forwarded to the lUPAC Secretariat for distribution to the National Adhering Societies for public review and to lUPAC s scientific and formal court of last resort, the lUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature and Symbols (ICTNS). After consideration of the responses from the public review and final approval by... 

Sluyters-Rehbach M. Impedances of electrochemical systems terminology, nomenclature and representation, part I cells with metal electrodes and liquid solutions. Pure Appl Chem 1994 66 1831-91. 

Glassberg KI, Stephens FD, Lebowitz RL, Braren V, Duckett JW, Jacobs EC, King LR, Perlmutter AD (1987) Renal dysgenesis and cystic disease of the kidney a report of the Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature and Classification, Section on Urology, American Academy of Pediatrics. J Urol 138, Pt 2 1085-1092... 

Quantum number rrii is related to the orientation of the orbital in space. Terminology (nomenclature)... 

Symbols separated by commas represent equivalent recommendations. Symbols for physical and chemical quantities should be printed in italic type. Subscripts and superscripts which are themselves symbols for physical quantities should be italicized all others should be in Roman type. Vectors and matrices should be printed in boldface italic type, e.g., B, b. Symbols for units should be printed in Roman type and should remain unaltered in the plural, and should not be followed by a full stop except at the end of a sentence. References International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell, Oxford, 1988 Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Pure Applied Chem. 31 577-638 (1972), 37 499-516 (1974), 46 71-90 (1976), 51 1-41, 1213-1218 (1979) 53 753-771 (1981), 54 1239-1250 (1982), 55 931-941 (1983) lUPAP-SUN, Symbols, Units and Nomenclature in Physics, PV ica 93A 1-60 (1978). 

Complications arising from other types of isomerism. Positional and geometrical isomerism, also described in Sec. 1.6, will be excluded for simplicity. In actual polymers these are not always so easily ignored. Polymerization of 1,2-disubstituted ethylenes. Since these introduce two different asymmetric carbons into the polymer backbone (second substituent Y), they have the potential to display ditacticity. Our attention to these is limited to the illustration of some terminology which is derived from carbohydrate nomenclature (structures [IX]-[XII]) ... 

Another standardization matter relative to computerization of materials information is that of terminology (41) (see Nomenclature). Pull terminological standardization is not expected to be realized until the twenty-first century, but the hazards of lack of such standardization ate exacerbated in computerized systems. 

A number of glossaries of terms and symbols used in the several branches of chemistry have been pubHshed. They include physical chemistry (102), physical—organic chemistry (103), and chemical terminology (other than nomenclature) treated in its entirety (104). lUPAC has also issued recommendations in the fields of analytical chemistry (105), coUoid and surface chemistry (106), ion exchange (107), and spectroscopy (108), among others. 

Before discussing the chemistry and technology of silicone polymers it is necessary to consider the methods of nomenclature of the silicon compounds relevant to this chapter. The terminology used will be that adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 

The Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has published a nomenclature for single-strand organic polymers Pure and Applied Chemistry, 48, 375 (1976)). In addition the Association for Science Education in the UK has made recommendations based on a more general lUPAC terminology, and these have been widely used in British schools. Some examples of this nomenclature compared with normal usage are given in Table 2. 

Cycloalkenes and their derivatives are naned by adapting cycloalkane terminology to the principles of alkene nomenclature. 

Several methods [17, 18, 29, 40, 62, 67, 223] for handling this design have been offered and each has introduced a concept to improve some feature. An approximation method combination of Kremser-Brown [40, 67] and a more complete method of Edmister [18] will be summarized. Figure 8-57 summarizes the system and terminology. The accepted nomenclature for absorption and stripping is located on page 121. 

To bring our terminology into accord -with that commonly used by mathematicians, the nomenclature stationary random process should be used here to distinguish our models from the more general models mentioned at the end of Section 3.1. This distinction is not meaningful in the context of this chapter, but should be borne in mind when consulting other treatments of the subject. 

There is a well-established, simple terminology to identify various siloxane structures, depending on the type of the substituents on silicon atoms. This is given in Table 1. Throughout the text we shall use this convenient nomenclature system. 

These Recommendations expand and replace the Tentative Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature [1] issued in 1969 jointly by the IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and the IUB-IUPAC Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN) and reprinted in [2]. They also replace other published JCBN Recommendations [3-7] that deal with specialized areas of carbohydrate terminology however, these documents can be consulted for further examples. Of relevance to the field, though not incorporated into the present document, are the following recommendations ... 

Note. When the linkage between monosaccharide units is non-glycosidic (as in the phosphate derivative shown below), use of the glycan terminology is inappropriate other methods of polymer nomenclature should be employed [20],... 

IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), Abbreviated terminology of oligosaccharide chains (Recommendations 1980), J. Biol. Chem., 257, 3347-3351 (1982) Eur. J. Biochem., 126,433-437 (1982) Pure Appl. Chem., 54,1517-1522... 

Common Definitions Membrane processes have been evolving since the 1960s with each application tending to generate its own terminology. Recommended nomenclature is provided along with alternatives in current use. 

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