Temperature-induced separation

A gaseous emission has a flowrate of 0.02 kmole/s and contains 0.014 mole fraction of vinyl chloride. The supply temperature of the stream is 338 K. It is desired to recover 80% of the vinyl chloride using a combination of pressurization and cooling. Available for service are two refrigerants NH3 and Nj. Thermodynamic and economic data are provided by problem 10.1 and by Dunn etal. (1995), Design a cost-effective energy-induced separation system. 

Sanchez-Ferrer A, Bru R and Garcia-Carmona F. 1989. Novel procedure for extraction of a latent grape polyphenoloxidase using temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114. Plant Physiol... 

Just another approach is to calculate e.g. the temperature distribution within a separate program like ANSYS, figure 14, and to transfer the temperature induced index change to the 10 design. If the refractive index change due to the heater can be represented in a parametric model of a... 

A common technique for separating the water and the oil in a microemulsion is a temperature-induced phase separation, yielding an excess water phase (increasing the temperature) or an excess oil phase (decreasing the temperature). It is the simplest way to separate the oil and the water. Nevertheless this method is quite time consuming and often not complete. In case of enzymatic reaction, a change in temperature can lead to a loss of enzyme stabiUty. 

Pang, R, Aguilar, M.-L, and Hearn, M. T. W., Temperature induced changes in the bandwidth behavior of proteins separated with cation-exchange adsorbents, /. Chromatogr. A, 729,67-79,1996. 

Nordin, K., Heino, P. Plava, E.T. (1991). Separate signal pathways regulate the expression of a low temperature induced gene in Ara-bidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Molecular Biology 16, 1061-71. 

From the data presented here several conclusions may be reached regarding the effect of cholesterol on lipid bilayers. It is shown that, even if the presence of cholesterol in bilayers serves to moderate temperature-induced changes, its ability to affect the location of solubilized molecules is highly temperature dependent We have also shown, in accord with previous work (11), that the presence of cholesterol in the gel phase results in a larger separation between the lipid polar groups and this in turn allows water to penetrate into the lipid hydrophobic core. 

In Ref. [120] the first time has been reported on flow-induced phase separation in polymer blends. When PS/PVME blends were exposed to shear or extensional flow at lower temperatures, 20 to 30 K below the equilibrium coexistence temperature, phase separation was observed in both flow regimes. As the authors suggest, the stress, rather than the deformation rate, appears to be the most important parameter in flow-induced phase separation. 

A very frequently described family of polymers subjected to simple coacervation are cellulose derivatives, particularly ethyl cellulose (EC). ° While most cellulose ethers are soluble in water, EC and the cellulose esters are insoluble or only partly soluble in water, e.g., as a function of pH. For coacervation of EC, toluene is a preferred good solvent and cyclohexane a poor solvent. Gradual addition of cyclohexane to a solution of EC desolvates the polymer. Alternatively, EC can be dissolved in hot cyclohexane cooling to room temperature induces polymer phase separation. In both these cases, the coacervate film or droplets can be hardened by exposing the coacervate to a large volume of cyclohexane, whereby physical cross-links are formed. 

Phase inversion is a process in which a polymer is transformed from a liquid to a solid state. There are a number of methods to achieve phase inversion. Among others, the dry-wet phase inversion technique and the temperature induced phase separation (TIPS) are most commonly used in the industrial membrane manufacturing. The dry-wet phase inversion technique was applied by Loeb and Sourirajan in their development... 

In a series of publications by Ishii et al. [54-57], effects of the electric field on structural changes in the amorphous regions, accompanied by an additional relaxation process, were discussed. These effects are reflected in the angular dependence of the second moment at different temperatures. The separation of any orientational effects due to poling from stretching effects were made by the preparation of different sample types. The complications for such a separation arose from the facts that (i) mechanically induced effects on chain orientations are much larger than that of the (electric) dipole reorientation and (ii) after poling only a small irreversible electric polarisation remains. 

---