Proteins separations with

Several researchers have tried to isolate cellular CBPs from the silkworm. In Nakajima s study (1963), the whole midgut mucosa was homogenized and the proteins separated with a gel-filtration chromatography column. Carotenoids were found in certain fractions containing proteins, suggesting the existence of CBPs in the midgut. Jouni and Wells purified a 35 kDa protein containing lutein... 

One of the primary challenges facing the field of separation science is the analysis of the entire complement of proteins produced by an organism—a field of research known as proteomics. 2D gel electrophoresis remains the gold standard in protein separations, with the ability to resolve as many as 5000 proteins in a single gel... 

Millea, K.M., Krull, I.S., Cohen, S.A., Gebler, J.C., Berger, S.J. (2006). Integration of multidimensional chromatographic protein separations with a combined top-down and bottom-up proteomic strategy. J. Proteome. Res. 5, 135-146. 

In the mid-1980s, Belenkii et al. comprehensively studied the separation of proteins on particle-packed columns of variational length and dimension under gradient conditions [20]. They concluded that a short distance of stationary phase is sufficient to enable protein separation with an acceptable resolution. With respect to that, Tennikova et al. came up with the concept of short monolithic separation beds, realized by copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate as monomer and high amounts of... 

Pang, R, Aguilar, M.-L, and Hearn, M. T. W., Temperature induced changes in the bandwidth behavior of proteins separated with cation-exchange adsorbents, /. Chromatogr. A, 729,67-79,1996. 

Magnesium speciation (Section ni.A) in serum was carried out using an anion exchange column for protein separation, with mobile phase at pH 7.4 the effluent was collected in an automatic fraction collector. On-line quantitation of the protein fractions was carried out by DA-UVD, and Mg determination was carried out from the automatic sampler in a GFAAS apparatus, measuring at 202.8 nm . ... 

The eluent is rather acidic in most protein separations. With silica-based packings, the reason for the selection of this condition is related to the surface silanols which are weakly acidic groups. Above pH 3.5-4, these groups are dissociated and ionic interactions will occur with basic sample compounds. These interactions can be reduced simply using acidic mobile phases that prevent ionization of the silanols. Another reason is the stability of the silica which is higher in acidic media72). 

Wang, Y.-C., Choi, M.H., Han, J., Two-dimensional protein separation with advanced sample and buffer isolation using microfluidic valves. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 4426M431. 

The effects of channel geometry on partition efficiency in terms of peak resolution gives a more complex picture in the dipeptide separation with the butanol solvent system, the deeper channel of the single spiral disk (column I) produced a substantially better peak resolution, especially in the lower phase mobile mode (L-I-T), whereas the shallower channel in the four-spiral disks (column IV) produced a somewhat better separation than its counterpart. We do not understand the reason why higher peak resolution is obtained in the deeper channel of column I in L-I-T, despite the low retention of the stationary phase. In protein separation, with the PEG-phosphate system, the shallower spiral channel of the single-spiral disk displayed... 

The concept of proteins as heterogeneous colloidal systems rather than as discrete molecules tended to discourage the development of new separation processes. Protein separation with other salts, e.g., magnesium sulfate and mixtures of the hydrogen phosphates of sodium and potassium, were investigated, but in the studies undertaken the salt concentrations in the protein mixtures rarely exceeded half-saturation. 

Vogel, J.S. et al., Attomole quantitation of protein separations with accelerator mass spectrometry, Electrophoresis (Weinheim, Fed. Repub. Ger.), 22, 2037, 2001. 

Aside from conventional electrophoretic methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is considered as a novel electrophoretic technique for protein separation with advantages of being easy, rapid, automatic, using trace amount of test samples, and qualitative as well as quantitative within one analysis... 

Shibusawa, Y. Ito, Y. Protein separation with aqueous-aqueous polymer systems by two types of counter-current chromatographs. J. Chromatogr. 1991, 559, 695. 

Protein separation with 4 different spiral disks... 

Fig. 14 shows protein separations with this cross-pressed spiral tube assembly consisting of nine spiral layers of a 1.6 mm I.D. tube with a total capacity of 95 ml at 800 rpm. The protein peaks were resolved even at a relatively high flow rate of 2 ml/min. 

Shibusawa, Y. Ito, Y. Protein separation with aqueous-aqueous polymer systems by two types of counter-current chromatographs. J. Chromatogr. 1991, 550, 695. Shibusawa, Y. Ito, Y. Countercurrent chromatography of proteins with polyethylene glycol-dextran polymer phase systems using type-XLLL cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1992,15, 2787. 

Van Reis and Saksena (1997) have identified the product yield and the product purification factor as the two dimensions of selective protein separation with, for example, y/ or (DP) AS as parameters. The product purification factor Pi for solute 1 in the permeate was defined as... 

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