Temperature imaging

Imaging of air flow by O2 partial pressure Aerodynamics research Temperature imaging Semiconductor manufacturing... 

Recognition of Organic Vapors by Spectrum-Temperature Imaging. 123... 

As the temperature dependence of the CTL spectrum has information about the type of vapor, the present authors and coworkers [17] reported a method to recognize organic vapors by means of spectrum-temperature imaging. For this purpose, a system to simultaneously measure the CTL spectra at various temperatures was developed (Fig. 27). The sintered layer of the CTL catalyst is laid on a ceramic heater substrate of 5 x 60 mm2, which has a temperature distribution ranging from 440 to 530 °C along the stream of a sample gas in a quartz tube. A mask with an optical slit of 0.3 mm width is placed on a quartz tube. The CTL emission passing through the slit is focused on... 

Single molecules (and not surface artifacts or specs of dust) are easier to see when the surface can be cleaned in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature, imaged to make sure no artifacts are present, and then volatile adsorbates are injected onto the cold surface without breaking vacuum. A nice tour de force was when at 4 K under ultra-high vacuum, Xe atoms were picked up by the STM tip and deposited onto a cold Ni substrate to "write" "IBM" on Ni [28]. It is not too clear exactly how far above the surface the atomically tip floats a good guess is 0.1 nm. 

For materials applications, the chemical shifts of methanol and ethylene glycol can be monitored in the liquid state to follow temperature [Hawl]. The most sensitive ehemical shift is the Co resonance of aqueous Co(CN)e with a sensitivity of 0.05 K at 7 T and 0.2 K at 2T [Dorl]. Furthermore, dibromomethane dissolved in a liquid crystal is a temperature sensitive NMR compound [Hed 1 ], and known phase-transition temperatures can be exploited to calibrate the temperature control unit [Hawl J. In temperature imaging of fluids, temperature can be determined from the temperature dependence of the selfdiffusion coefficient but convective motion may arise in temperature gradients [Hedl]. In the solid state, the longitudinal relaxation time of quadrupolar nuclei like Br is a temperature sensitive parameter [Suil, Sui2]. In elastomers, both T2 and Ti depend on temperature (Fig. 7.1.13). In filled SBR, T2 is the more sensitive parameter with a temperature coefficient of about 30 xs/K [Haul]. 

In Section 3.1.1, the dependence of the water chemical shift on temperature was described. The same dependence is found for water in tissue in vivo, and methods and applications based on the proton reference frequency (PRF) are involved in the vast majority of current in vivo temperature imaging studies. 

For carbon-black filled SBR, T2 is directly proportional to temperature. Thus, a T2-parameter image corresponds to a temperature image of the sample. Axial parameter projections have been acquired in dynamic equilibrium at a shear rate of 10 Hz, and a pixel resolution of 0.4 x 0.4 mm, for SBR cylinders with carbon-black contents ranging from 0-50 phr. ID cross-sections through those projections are depicted in Fig. 5.12. An increase of temperature in the center of the sample is observed with increasing carbon-... 

Experiments can be carried out on different types of glasses (soda-hme-sihcates, borosilicates, special glasses). High temperature observation enabled examination of the foam layer, its thickness and structure. The foam and glass level can be determined from the high temperature images as a function of time, as shown in Figure 12. 

Figure 12. Measurement of foam layer thickness from high temperature images...

Figure 14. High temperature image showing the difference in foaming behaviour of the base case and + cokes glasses...

The atmospheric correction and elevation functions are included in ATCOR, which provide a very good approximation. The temperature images are derived from ATCORTl. 

Molecular Revolution boxes highlight topics of modem research and recent technology related to the chapter s material. Examples include the measuring of global temperatures, imaging atoms with scanning tunneling microscopy, and the development of fuel cell and hybrid electric vehicles. 

Figure 7.17 Photodetecting fiber device, (a) SEM micrograph of a thin-film fiber device (semiconductor As2Se3. polymer PES metal Sn), (be Electrical connection of the metal electrodes at the periphery of the fiber, (c) I-V characteristic curve of a 15 cm long photosensitive fiber device, and (d) resistance of a thermally sensitive 9 cm long fiber device as a function of temperature. (Image courtesy of [180].)...

Figure 7.22 Optical dispersions of silicon and germanium as a function of temperature (image courtesy of [191]).

Figure 23.15 Flame temperature images of spray combustion in the prechamber for reference diesel and 10% CPO diesel. The crank angles at which the images were acquired are written on the top of the images (a) diesel flame temperature distribution (b) crude palm diesel flame temperature distribution.

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