Temperature factor table

The three different data sets produce extreme differences In the temperature factors (Table VIII). This difference Is not characteristic of just the SRRC program, as a similar range for cellulose Is In the literature. The temperature factor (B) Is Important because It Indicates systematic error In the Lp correction or other aspect of data gathering and reduction, for at least two of the data sets. Negative temperature factors, as found In the WS data, typically Indicate either that additional atoms, such as water molecules, are needed In the structure, or, when that Is known to be Incorrect, that there Is a flaw In some overall aspect of Intensity measurement, such as background correction. 

For a given temperature T, the coefficient of variation (COV) of Ft is very low. This shows the time independence of the temperature factors. Table 4.9 presents... 

Sheet Miea. Good quahty sheet mica is widely used for many iadustrial appHcations, particularly ia the electrical and electronic iadustries, because of its high dielectric strength, uniform dielectric constant, low power loss (high power factor), high electrical resistivity, and low temperature coefficient (Table 6). Mica also resists temperatures of 600—900°C, and can be easily machined iato strong parts of different si2es and shapes (1). 

Service factor is mentioned nowhere in the NEMA standards for lai ge machines there is no definition of it. There is no standard for temperature rise or other characteristics at the service factor overload. In fact, the standards are being changed to state that the temperature rise tables are for motors with 1.0 service factors. Neither standard synchronous nor enclosed induction motors have included service factor for several years. 

The creep strength of steels is a factor limiting the maximum temperatures for such high-pressure equipment as shells and stirrers of high temperature reactors. Table 3.10 presents creep data for temperatures ranging from 400 to 600°C. The stress for 1% creep in 100,000 hours (which is a design criterion) is accepted to be not less than two-thirds of the creep stresses. 

Consult temperature conversion table. Correction factor for nickel disk at 500°F is 86%. 

Observed and calculated intensities of reflections on two oscillation photographs, one of which is reproduced in Fig. 5, are given in Table III. The first number below each set of indices (hkl) is the visually estimated observed intensity, and the second the intensity calculated by the usual Bade-methode formula with the use of the Pauling-Sherman /0-values1), the Lorentz and polarization factors being included and the temperature factor omitted. No correction for position on the film has been made. It is seen that the agreement is satisfactory for most of the... 

Major determinants of membrane fluidity may be grouped within two categories [53] (1) intrinsic determinants, i.e., those quantifying the membrane composition and phase behavior, and (2) extrinsic determinants, i.e., environmental factors (Table 1). In general, any manipulation that induces an increase in the molal volume of the lipids, e.g., increase in temperature or increase in the fraction of unsaturated acyl chains, will lead to an increase in membrane fluidity. In addition, several intrinsic and extrinsic factors presented in Table 1 determine the temperature at which the lipid molecules undergo a transition from the gel state to liquid crystalline state, a transition associated with a large increase in bilayer fluidity. 

Thus, in order to improve the behavior of the parameter estimates, Watts (1994) centers the temperature factor about a reference value T0 which was chosen to be the middle temperature of 375°C (648 K). The parameters estimates and their standard errors are given in Table 16.19. 

As with materials of construction correction factors, the pressure correction factors in Table 2.5 are average and only approximate and will vary, amongst other things, according to the type of equipment. Finally, its operating temperature also influences equipment capital cost. This is caused by, amongst other factors, a decrease in the allowable stress for materials of construction as the temperature increases. Table 2.6 presents typical factors to account for the operating temperature. 

As pointed out previously, fouling is dependent on time, fluid velocity, temperature and other factors. Table 15.3 illustrates this with typical fouling coefficients for crude oil as a function of fluid velocity and temperature. 

Table 9E-9 lists unit operations in the polystyrene plant. The highest temperature is 400°F, in the extruder. From this and Figure 9-5, a temperature factor of 0.04 is obtained. There are no high pressures except in the extruder, and its value is unknown. The pressure factor will be assumed to be zero. Stainless steel is used, so the material factor is 0.2. From Equation 2 a complexity factor of 3.48 can be calculated. A direct process investment cost of 350,000 per functional unit is obtained from Figure 9-7. This means that the cost of constructing the plant when the Engineering News Record Construction Index (ENRCI) is 300 would be 3,150,000. This will be updated to 1960 when the ENRCI was 350, and then the CEPI will be used to obtain the cost in 1974. The resultant cost in 1974 is... 

Of the tablets prepared with sodium starch glycolate, only the 6-lactose/sodium starch glycolate combination was influenced by all three adjustable factors (Table 8.8). Moreover, the effect of the relative humidity depended on the level of the temperature as well as the level of the disintegrant concentration and vice versa. 

Fluorination of toluene gives a mixture of ortho- and para- uorotoluene, as expected for an electrophilic process (B), but the partial rate factors (Table 4) [139] show a very high ortho para ratio indicating that radical processes (A) must also be involved. Furthermore, fluorination of the methyl group, giving benzyl fluoride, also occurs in increasing yield as the reaction temperature is raised. 

Table I. Atomic Coordinates, Temperature Factors (B, A2), Occupancy Factors (O.F.), and Cation Site Population (P)°...

Finally, ordered water molecules were added to the model where unexplained electron-density was present in chemically feasible locations for water molecules. Temperature factors for these molecules (treated as oxygen atoms) were allowed to refine individually. If refinement moved these molecules into unrealistic positions or increased their temperature factors excessively, the molecules were deleted from the model. Occupancies were constrained to 1.0 throughout the refinement. This means that B values reflect both thermal motion and disorder (Section II.C). Because all B values fall into a reasonable range, the variation in B can be attributed to thermal motion. Table 8.2 shows the progress of the refinement. 

Table 1. lists the intensities calculated from the final atom locations and temperature factors and the observed intensities scaled to them. An ORTEP (32) plot of one amylose chain in the unit cell and nearby KBr is shown in Figure 8. 

TABLE 4.5 Fractional atomic coordinates and equivalent isotropic temperature factors (A2) for non-H atoms with e.s.d. s in parentheses [21]... 

The magnetic moments rise only slightly at elevated temperatures (see Table 5), which led the authors to conclude that some population of the higher sT2(Oh) state is possible. No clear distinction can be made as to which of the influencing factors, viz. electronic effects, steric hindrance, and crystal solvent effects, plays the dominant role here, because all of these are operative to some extent. Data from the UV-vis spectra of the nickel(II) complexes indicate that the ligands have field strengths in the iron(II) crossover region. 

The reactivity ratios vary over a wide range, depending on the nature of the electrophile and the conditions used. Temperature appears to be an important factor in determining the isomer distribution, at least in acetylation. The amounts of a-substituted isomer in benzothiophene and /3-substituted isomer in benzofuran increases, as the temperature increases (Table XVII). Plots of loga// against 1 /T are linear for the acetylation of both systems over the range of temperature examined. It is possible that at higher temperatures ( > 250°) an inversion of the orientation pattern could be observed ... 

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