Technological trends

As has previously been alluded to, there are two technological trends that will have a significant impact in the design of safety-related systems in the machinery safety sector. These are the introduction of PLCs for use in safety applications, so-called safety PLCs, and the development of safety field-buses. The availability of these systems will allow machinery designers to make full use of the advantages that programmable controllers and data communication networks have over the traditional hardwired safety solutions. 

Siemens, on the other hand, adopts a slightly different philosophy in its safety PLCs. In its SIMATIC S5 range of safety PLCs, for example, there are 

The hardware safety integrity of these PLCs has been certified to category 4 of EN 954-1 and, in the case of the Siemens units, to SIL 3 of lEC 61508. 

Digital data communication systems have existed for nearly 40 years, ranging from straightforward serial communications represented by the RS 232 standard common on personal computer serial output ports, to more modern local area networks such as Ethernet. In recent years, much effort has been put into the development of fieldbus systems that allow controllers, sensors and actuators to be implemented in modular and distributed formats. Whereas the developments in fieldbus systems have been mainly targeted at the process industries, the devices are finding increasing application in the machinery sector. 

The physical medium used for fieldbuses is quite simple - it can be a shielded twisted pair cable or coaxial cable. The important characteristics tend to be in the data structures and protocols used, and these generally conform to published standards. 

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Fig. 1. Technological trends A, components per chip B, minimum feature length , metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory A, bipolar memory I MOS logic n, bipolar logic. The designations SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI stand for small-, medium-, large-, and very large-scale iategration, respectively.

Figure 1-32. Technology trends indicate that natural gas is the fuel of choice.

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The green technology trend is shaping the future of the chemicals used in the elastomer industry and this is easily realized from the following ... 

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In other words, in the spirit of older scholarly publishing, the overall goal is to produce a readable, well-illustrated textbook in which elucidation of principles may ensure durability and updated information on products, companies, markets and technology trends may render it a fresh reading. 

Technology transfer professionals role in collaboration, 24 391-392 skills required for, 24 392 Technology trends... 

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