Technological developments vanadium redox battery

Redox flow batteries, under development since the early 1970s, are stUl of interest primarily for utility load leveling applications (77). Such a battery is shown schematically in Figure 5. Unlike other batteries, the active materials are not contained within the battery itself but are stored in separate tanks. The reactants each flow into a half-ceU separated one from the other by a selective membrane. An oxidation and reduction electrochemical reaction occurs in each half-ceU to generate current. Examples of this technology include the iron—chromium, Fe—Cr, battery (79) and the vanadium redox cell (80). 

Developing technologies in vanadium science provide the basis for the last two chapters of this book. Vanadium(V) in various forms of polymeric vanadium pen-toxide is showing great promise in nanomaterial research. This area of research is in its infancy, but already potential applications have been identified. Vanadium-based redox batteries have been developed and are finding their way into both large-and small-scale applications. Lithium/silver vanadium oxide batteries for implantable devices have important medical applications. 

Kear G, Shah AA, Walsh FC (2012) Development of the all-vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage a review of technological, flnancial and policy aspects. Int J Energy Res 36 1105-1120. doi 10.1002/er.l863... 

Liquid phase reactant chemistries originally developed for redox flow batteries can be exploited to great effect in microfluidic electrochemical cells. Most commonly, vanadium redox flow battery technology utilizes soluble vanadium redox couples in both half-cells for regenerative electrochemical energy storage units [53]. The combination of aqueous redox pairs in vanadium redox cells, and VO V... 

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