Tank details

245 ft of stored liquid 4- 19,479 ft of berm soil 861,724 dike area required 

The chan in Exhibit 15-19 is used to find the di-lensions of a square dike. For example, for a dike sight of 6 ft, the designer first finds the 6-foot dike tta line that corresponds to 861,724 ft and then reads recily left to the vertical axis to find the dike dimen-Dns. In this example, a 390-square-foot dike would nwin the liquid. K is the volume of liquid held within dike that is construaed to a 1,5 1 slope. 

The exhibit may also be used to calculate the di ensions of a rectangular dike. First, the designer lo-tes the point on the vertical axis for the known igth of one side of the rectangle—for example, 425 

After primarj- Iiquid-tran.sfer line conneaioas have been located, roof acces,s ladders (or stairways) and. side. shell and roof maintenance access connection.s. should be located. Exhibit 15-20 addre.s.ses these is- sue.s. 

If tank heaters are employed, mobile maintenance equipment should be located in the mo.st convenient area. Tank maintenance includes. such aaivicies as internal inspection, cleaning, and repairs to internals, roof suppoas, and level instruments. Setting entrances to stairway or ladder areas at grade is the mast convenient choice for operations personnel. It should be noted that. stairways are not recommended for tanks whose diameters are le.s.s than 15 ft 6 in (4.7 m). 

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Lead is rapidly corroded by dilute acetic acid or formic acid in the presence of oxygen. The tolerance of lead towards sodium or potassium hydroxide up to 30 percent alkali at 25°C or 90°C has proven useful in refining petroleum involving sulfuric acid treatment followed by alkali treatment in a lead-lined tank. Detailed data on corrosion rates of lead exposed to organic compounds are found in the literature.74... 

The phosphoric acid and water are added to the warmed (65°C/150°F) crude oil stream, pass through a high-shear mixer, and are pumped to the stirred hydration tank. Details of the process, using an Alfa Laval (Lund, Sweden) PX-90 centrifuge rated at 33,000 kg/hr for degumming, are shown in Fig. 34.18.7 After degumming, the crude oil is vacuum dried to <0.3 percent moisture... 

The proposed design is a two-CSTR system with minimum residence time per tank of 24 minutes. Each tank is supplied with 5% w/w (1.45 AO hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2> reagent controlled based on pH measured at the exit of the tank. Detailed tank design was such that a mixing delay of less than 10 seconds was expected. The neutralization tanks are followed by a flocculation tank with a minimum residence time of 10 minutes. There is an agitated level-controlled buffer tank upstream of the neutralization tanks, giving about 12 hours of concentration and flow equalization at maximum flow. The scheme to be evaluated is shown in Fig. 9. 

This work presented a new model formulation that coordinates pipeline transportation with tank farm inventory management, including individual tanks details. The obtained model generates within the solution the rotation scheme for tanks that allows the verification of all required tank farm operations. 

Reservoir engineers describe the relationship between the volume of fluids produced, the compressibility of the fluids and the reservoir pressure using material balance techniques. This approach treats the reservoir system like a tank, filled with oil, water, gas, and reservoir rock in the appropriate volumes, but without regard to the distribution of the fluids (i.e. the detailed movement of fluids inside the system). Material balance uses the PVT properties of the fluids described in Section 5.2.6, and accounts for the variations of fluid properties with pressure. The technique is firstly useful in predicting how reservoir pressure will respond to production. Secondly, material balance can be used to reduce uncertainty in volumetries by measuring reservoir pressure and cumulative production during the producing phase of the field life. An example of the simplest material balance equation for an oil reservoir above the bubble point will be shown In the next section. 

In this equation, represents the rate of energy dissipation per unit mass of fluid. In pulsed and reciprocating plate columns the dimensionless proportionahty constant K in equation 38 is on the order of 0.3. In stirred tanks, the proportionaUty constant has been reported as 0.024(1 + 2.5 h) in the holdup range 0 to 0.35 (67). The increase of drop si2e with holdup is attributed to the increasing tendency for coalescence between drops as the concentration of drops increases. A detailed survey of drop si2e correlations is given by the Hterature (65). 

Fig. 6. A fault tree for the pumped storage example of Figure 5. For a real system the tank and pump failures would be more precisely defined, or set as intermediate events having further definition by subsequent basic events and more detailed failure modes.

Pseudocumene is shipped ia barges, tank cars, tank tmcks, isocontainers, and dmms. Mesitylene is shipped ia tank tmcks, isocontainers, and dmms, whereas durene is shipped molten ia heated tank tmcks, isocontainers, and occasionally as a cast soHd in dmms. Mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene are classified as flammable Hquids the higher homologues are classified as combustible. The higher melting PMBs requite additional precautions when handled in the molten state to avoid thermal bums. Detailed shipping and handling procedures are described in manufacturers material... 

Conoco operated a stirred tank Pfaudler glass-lined reactor for the batch SO sulfonation of detergent alkylate. The plant utilized over-the-fence SO converter gas (8% SO ia dry air) having h batch cycles (264). AHied Chemical Company provided details for batch SO sulfonation (265,266)... 

The oxide exiting either the Barton or ball mill reactor is conveyed by an air stream to separating equipment, ie, settling tank, cyclone, and baghouse, after which it is stored in large hoppers or dmmmed for use in paste mixing. Purity of the lead feed stock is extremely critical because minute quantities of some impurities can either accelerate or slow the oxidation reaction markedly. Detailed discussions of the oxide-making process and product are contained in references 55—57. 

Details Exchangers Vessels Pump aud driver Compressor aud driver Tanks... 

UL 58 covers horizontal steel tanks up to 190 m (50,000 gal), with a maximum diameter of 3.66 m (12 ft), and a maximum length of six diameters. Thickness and a number of design and fabrication details are given. UL 142 covers horizontal steel tanks up to 190 m (50,000 ffal) (like UL 58), and vertical tanks up to 10.7-m (35-ft) height. Tmckness and other details are given. The maximum diameter for a vertical tank is not specified. 

The Underwriters Standards overlap API, but include tanks that are too small for API Standards. Undei writers Standards are, however, not as detailed as API and therefore put more responsibility on the designer. They do not specify grades of steel other than requiring weldability. Designers should also place their own limits on the diameter (or thickness) of vertical tanks. They can obtain guidance from API. 

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