Tandem quadrupole mass

Several other interface designs were introduced over this period, including continuous flow fast atom bombardment (CFFAB)" and the particle beam interface (PBI)," but it was not until the introduction of the API source that LC/MS applications really came to the forefront for quantitative analysis. Early work by Muck and Henion proved the utility of an atmospheric pressure interface using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. 

Yost, R.A. Enke, C.G. Selected Ion Fragmentation With a Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978,100, 2274-2275. 

Hvattum, E. and Ekeberg, D., Study of the collision-induced radical cleavage of flavonoid glycosides using negative electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 38, 43, 2003. 

McCurvin DMA, Schellenberg DH, Clement RE, et al. 1989. A comparison of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry versus single quadrupole capabilities for the determination of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofiirans in environmental samples. Chemosphere 19 201-204. 

Reiner EJ, Schellenberg DH, Taguchi VY, et al. 1990. Application of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry for the ultra-trace determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Chemosphere 20 1385-1392. 

Figure 4. Effects of ion kinetic energy on the MS/MS of 5-indanol (a) MS/MS obtained on MIKES instrument with 7000 eV translational energy (b) spectrum obtained on hybrid BQ (magnet followed by quadrupole) mass spectrometer 95 eV (c) spectrum obtained with QQ (tandem quadrupole) mass spectrometer at 35 eV...

Leandro, C.C. et al., Comparison of ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of priority pesticides in baby foods by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1103(1), 94, 2006. 

The method employs a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS) as the final detector. The specificity of detection inherent in such a system significantly reduces the need for sample cleanup. This, in turn, improves productivity and cost-effectiveness relative to other high resolution and low resolution GC/MS analysis techniques. The aparatus and methods described are designed for use in a mobile laboratory, which permits on-site analyses. 

High-resolution spectroscopy of cluster ions has largely been limited to binary complexes between a molecular ion and a rare-gas atom or a hydrogen molecule. Much of this work had been done by the group of Maier and Dopfer in Switzerland. The spectrum of Ar-H20" given below in Fig. 17 is an excellent recent example of the rotationally resolved spectra that are possible using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Except for, Rg2-CH3 where Rg = Ar and larger clusters have yielded... 

Yost RA, Enke CG. Selected ion fragmentation with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. J Am Chem Soc 1978 100(7) 2274—2275. 

Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FF-K, Qiao C-F, Song J-Z, Li S-L, Liu X, Cai Z-W, Fu PP, Lin G, Xu H-X (2010) A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 681 33 0... 

Lehner AF, Craig M, Fannin N, Bush L, Tobin T (2005) Fragmentation patterns of selected ergot alkaloids by electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 39 1275-1286... 

Fig. 4.3 Schematic diagram and photo of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. The photo is taken from a Waters tandem-quadrupole instrument, featuring a travelling wave stacked ring RF-only collision cell. ( 2013, hyphen MassSpec)...

The triple quadrupole system consists basically of two quadrupole analysers (first and second quadrupole). The second quadrupole has only an R.F. voltage (without the D.C. component) and serves therefore as an ion focusing device [7]. The collision cell is located between the rods of this quadrupole. It has been found that when doing MS/MS with a tandem quadrupole mass analyser, an additional quadrupole focusing device is needed to focus the ions formed in the collision cell. 

Yost RA, Enke C.G. Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. In McLafferty FW, editor. Tandem Mass Spectrometry. New York Wiley 1983. p. 175-95. 

Hua, W., Bennett, E.R., and Letcher, R.J. (2005) Triclosan in wastewater and surface water from the upper Detroit River by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Environment International 31, 621-630. 

Fig. 6.7. The Lausanne photofragment-spectrometer for measuring spectra of cold biomolecular ions as well as their clusters with solvent molecules. In the center of the tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer is a 22-pole ion trap which can be cooled to temperatures below 10 K. The ions of interest are produced by an electrospray source, mass-selected in a quadrupole, and then injected into the trap where they are cooled via collisions with cold helium. After irradiating the ions with IR and/or UV laser pulses, the contents of the trap are ejected and sent through an analyzing quadrupole before being detected. Spectra are generated by monitoring the appearance of a particular fragment ion mass as a function of the laser wave length.

Hsu, F.-F., Turk, J., Thukkani, A.K., Messner, M.C., Wildsmith, K.R. and Ford, DA. (2003) Characterization of alkylacyl, ahc-l-enylacyl and lyso subclasses of gfycerophos-phocholine by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionizahon. J. Mass... 

Hsu, F.-F. and Turk, J. (2003) Electrospray ionization/tandem quadrupole mass spectro-metric studies on phosphatidylcholines The fragmentation processes. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14, 352-363. 

---