Tachycardia clinical presentation

Autonomic neuropathy is also a common complication as DM progresses. Clinical presentation of autonomic neuropathy may include gastroparesis, resting tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, constipation, and hypoglycemic autonomic failure. Therapy for each individual autonomic complication is addressed separately. 

Anxiety symptoms are an inherent part of the initial clinical presentation of several diseases, thus complicating the distinction between anxiety disorders and medical disorders. If the anxiety symptoms are secondary to a medical illness, they usually will subside as the medical situation stabilizes. However, the knowledge that one has a physical illness (e.g., cancer and diabetes) can trigger anxious feelings and further complicate therapy. Persistent anxiety subsequent to a physical illness requires further assessment for an anxiety disorder. Symptoms of anxiety frequently present in medical disorders include palpitations, tachycardia, chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, and hyperventilation. Medical disorders most closely associated with anxiety are listed in Table 69-1. " About 50% of patients with GAD have irritable bowel syndrome. ... 

Patients present with the acute onset of fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and occasionally, chills or hypotension. The clinical presentation generally is indistinguishable from that seen with sepsis of bacterial origin. 

III. Clinical presentation. The anticholinergic syndrome is characterized by warm, dry, flushed skin dry mouth mydriasis delirium tachycardia ileus and urinary retention. Jerky myoclonic movements and choreoathetosis are common, and... 

III. Clinical presentation. The most common adverse effect of nitroprusside is hypotension, which is often accompanied by refiex tachycardia. Peripherai and cerebrai hypoperfusion can iead to iactic acidosis and aitered mentai status. 

III. Clinical presentation. The toxic manifestations of pentachlorophenol and dinitrophenol are nearly identical. Profuse sweating, fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia are universally reported in serious poisonings. 

Presently, only adenosine itself is approved for clinical use. It is used widely in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and in cardiac stress imaging to assess coronary artery disease [5]. Other agonists and antagonists and an allosteric modulator of the Ai receptor are in clinical trials for a variety of indications. 

Amiodarone may elicit life-threatening side effects in addition to presenting substantial management difh-culties associated with its use. The oral formulation of amiodarone is indicated only for the treatment of life-threatening recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (e.g., recurrent ventricular hbrillation and/or recurrent hemo-dynamicaUy unstable ventricular tachycardia) that have not responded to other potentially effective antiarrhythmic drugs or when alternative interventions could not be tolerated. Despite its efficacy as an antiarrhythmic agent, there is no evidence from clinical trials that the use of amiodarone favorably affects survival. 

Most clinical trials have been carried out in patients with systolic dysfunction, so the evidence regarding the superiority or inferiority of drugs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is meager. Most authorities support the use of the drug groups described above. Control of hypertension is particularly important, and revascularization should be considered if coronary artery disease is present. Tachycardia limits filling time therefore bradycardic drugs may be particularly useful, at least in theory. 

Clinically, the practitioner may observe conjimctival chemosis and erythema, abnormal eyelid position (lid retraction), lid lag, and proptosis. Conjunctival injection is most marked over the involved rectus muscles. Nervousness, palpitations, weight loss, hyperhidrosis, and heat intolerance are systemic symptoms occurring in more than 80% of hyperthyroid patients. Other signs, such as tremor, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, skin changes, stare, and eyelid lag, are observed in more than 60%. Additionally, goiter is present in more than 95% of Graves disease patients. In most cases, however, the laboratory confirmation of thyrotoxicosis is helpful to corroborate the diagnosis. 

Overdose is common amongst users (up to 22% of heavy users report losing consciousness). The desired euphoria and excitement turns to acute fear, with psychotic symptoms, convulsions, hypertension, haemorrhagic storke, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hyperthermia coronary vasospasm (sufficient to present as the acute coronary syndrome with chest pain and myocardial infarction) may occur, and acute left ventricular dysfunction. Treatment is chosen according to the clinical picture (and the known mode of action), from amongst, e.g. haloperidol (rather than chlorpromazine) for mental disturbance diazepam for convulsions a vasodilator, e.g. a calcium channel blocker, for hypertension glyceryl trinitrate for myocardial ischaemia (but not a p-... 

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