Neuropathy autonomic

Autonomic neuropathy AIDS, sometimes early Subacute or chronic Orthostatic hypotension papillary abnormalities sweating dysfunction resting tachycardia Immune dysfunction macrophage-mediated sympathetic ganglia injury... 

Correia D, Rodrigues De Resende LA et al (2006) Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-infected and AIDS patients. Pacing CUn Electrophysiol 29(l) 53-58 Craddock C, Pasvol G et al (1987) Cardiorespiratory arrest and autonomic neuropathy in AIDS. Lancet 2(8549) 16-18... 

Lohmoller G, Matuschke A et al (1989) [False-positive test of autonomic neuropathy in HIV infection and AIDS Case control study of heart rate variability in 62 HIV positive patients]. Med Klin (Munich) 84(5) 242-245... 

Miller RF, Semple SJ (1987) Autonomic neuropathy in AIDS. Lancet 2(8554) 343-344 MiUer RG, Storey JR et al (1990) Ganciclovir in the treatment of progressive AIDS-related polyradiculopathy. Neurology 40(4) 569-574... 

Verma S, Estanislao L et al (2005) HIV-associated neuropathic pain epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. CNS Drugs 19(4) 325-334 ViUa A, Forest V et al (1987) Autonomic neuropathy and HIV infection. Lancet 2(8564) 915... 

Welby SB, Rogerson SJ et al (1991) Autonomic neuropathy is common in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect 23(2) 123-128... 

Risk factors that may increase the potential for hypotension include elderly age, diabetes, autonomic neuropathy, uremia, and cardiac disease.46 The symptoms associated with hypotension during dialysis include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and chest pain. 

Autonomic neuropathy is also a common complication as DM progresses. Clinical presentation of autonomic neuropathy may include gastroparesis, resting tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, constipation, and hypoglycemic autonomic failure. Therapy for each individual autonomic complication is addressed separately. 

Vinblastine -vinca alkaloid inhibits tubulin polymerization G2 phase specific -bone marrow suppression -vesicant if extravasated -nausea and vomiting -constipation (often secondary to neuropathy induced ileus) -neuropathy (jaw pain, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy) -SIADH -tumor pain... 

Ampicillin Goldstein etal., 1970 [26] 250 mg q.i.d. 1 diabetic autonomic neuropathy +... 

Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is also associated with autoimmune antibodies. The most common presentation of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is the acute... 

Experimental autoimmune autonomic neuropathy can be induced in rabbits by immunization with a neuronal... 

Sandroni, P., Vernino, S., Klein, C. M. et al. Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy comparison of cases seropositive and seronegative for ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody. Arch. Neurol. 61 44- 48, 2004. 

There is a square wave response that is characterized by a rise in BP during phase 2. This may be because the raised venous pressure seen with this condition enables venous return to be maintained during this phase. As with autonomic neuropathy, there is no BP overshoot in phase 4 and little change in heart rate. 

Use with caution Use with caution in the elderly and patients with autonomic neuropathy and hepatic or renal disease. 

Although the primary use of the cx2 agonist clonidine is in the treatment of hypertension (see Chapter 11), the drug has been found to have efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, perhaps because of its ability to enhance salt and... 

Useful for treating hyperkalemia due to tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Also useful for orthostatic hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. 

Hepburn DA, MacLeod KM, Frier BM. Physiological, symptomatic and hormonal responses to acute hypoglycae-mia in type 1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1993 10(10) 940-9. 

Severe hypertension with associated headache, nausea, and vomiting was reported within 2 weeks of administration of octreotide LAR 20 mg in a 26-year-old diabetic woman with autonomic neuropathy (6). Rechallenge with octreotide 75 pg resulted in a transient hypertensive episode lasting 3 hours. 

Pop-Busui R, Chey W, Stevens MJ. Severe hypertension induced by the long-acting somatostatin analogue Sandostatin LAR in a patient with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 85(3) 943-6. 

Hypertension and obesity are common symptoms of both diabetes and sleep-disordered breathing the presence of these symptoms also represents an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. While a relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease has been well established, a link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease is less clear. It has been proposed that the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) common in diabetes may contribute to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (155). 

Ficker JH, Dertinger SH, Siegfried W, Konig HJ, Pentz M, Sailer D, Katalinic A, Hahn EG. Obstructive sleep apnoea and diabetes mellitus the role of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Eur Respir J 1998 11 14—19. 

Rees PJ, Prior JG, Cochrane GM, Clark TJ. Sleep apnoea in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. J Roy Soc Med 1981 74 192-195. 

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