T-acid

Thiophen-z-T acid, 25 °C (kinetic) Benzoyl nitrate—acetonitrile, 0-88 15... 

H-acid, l-hydroxy-3,6,8-ttisulfonic acid, which is one of the most important letter acids, is prepared as naphthalene is sulfonated with sulfuric acid to ttisulfonic acid. The product is then nitrated and neutralized with lime to produce the calcium salt of l-nitronaphthalene-3,6,8-ttisulfonic acid, which is then reduced to T-acid (Koch acid) with Fe and HCl modem processes use continuous catalytical hydrogenation with Ni catalyst. Hydrogenation has been performed in aqueous medium in the presence of Raney nickel or Raney Ni—Fe catalyst with a low catalyst consumption and better yield (51). Fusion of the T-acid with sodium hydroxide and neutralization with sulfuric acid yields H-acid. Azo dyes such as Direct Blue 15 [2429-74-5] (17) and Acid... 

The results of the complexation study of Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Sn(IV), Zr(IV), Ti(IV) with arsenazo III, sulfonazo III, SPADNS, Eriochrome T, Acid Chrome Dai k Blue, Xylenol Orange, Methyl Thymol Blue, Pyrocatechol Violet, Chrome Azurol S, Eriochrome Cyanin R, Basic Blue K, Methyl Violet, Brilliant Green, Rhodamine C and Astraphoxin in solid phase. The obtained data ai e used for the working out of a new method of metal determination. 

Scheme 13.13 t-Acid ligand-promoted Buchner reaction in metathesis catalysts... 

Levels of PCDDs in commercial chlorinated phenols, and levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in 2,4,5-T acid and ester formulations... 

Body composition 1 Total body water 1 Lean body mass T Body fat or i Serum albumin <-> or T -Acid glycoprotein (T by several disease states)... 

Table V compares the degradation of total 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T (n-butyl esters and acids) over six years of observations In the Kansas and Florida locations. Although the rates of application were similar, the method of application, preplant Incorporation versus subsurface Injection, resulted In significant differences In the Initial concentrations of herbicides In the plots. The acid of 2,4,5-T comprised most of the total residue after the first two years. Although some residues were recovered, especially In later years, at depths below 15 cm, the majority (90 percent) of residue was confined to the top 15 cm of soil profile. The addition of soil amendments such as lime, organic matter and fertilizer did not appreciably Increase the overall rate of disappearance of the herbicide. The addition of activated coconut charcoal, however, significantly decreased the rate of disappearance of herbicide. Six years after the charcoal plots were established, residues (primarily 2,4,5-T acid) were still present.

Rate/Date n- 2 -Butyl, 4 D Acid Isooctyl 2 n-Butyl, 4,5-T Acid Isooctyl... 

The stability constants of yttrium tartrates have been determined and a mixed copper-yttrium tartaric (T) acid species, Y2CuT3H q unknown), was detected. ... 

Table II. Levels of 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD in 2,U,5-T acid and 2,U,5-T ester formulations (30, 35).

Lysed erythrocytes t Hemoglobin Amino T acids I Heme t Biliverdin, CO, Fe++ t Q Bilirubin Erythrocytes, heptocytes I Hemoglobin, Cytochromes Amino, T acids Heme 1 Biliverdin, CO. Fe++ 1 Bilirubin 1 Erythrocytes, heptocytes 1 Hemoglobin, Cytochromes r >- Amino, " acids Heme 1 Biliverdin, CO, Fe++ Erythrocytes, heptocytes 1 Hemoglobin, Cytochromes 1" - Amino, " acids Heme 1 Biliverdin, CO. Fe++ 1... 

J Anthraqumone green, alizarine c> anine green, ahzanne brilliant gretn, fa t acid green jr R H. anthraqumone blue-green. 

Acceptor species concentrations, equations, 400-401 Acentric materials biomimetic design, 454-455 synthesis approaches, 446 Ar-(2-Acetamido-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidene control of crystal polymorphism with assistance of auxiliary, 480-482 packing arrangements, 480,481-482/ Acetylenes, second- and third-order optical nonlinearities, 605-606 N-Acetyltyrosine, phase-matching loci for doubling, 355,356/, t Acid dimers, orientations, 454 Active polymer waveguides, applications, 111... 

Reflux a mixture of 10.8 g (0.1 mol) of pure p-toluidine, 10.8 g (0.057 mol) of 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid (T acid), 8.4 g (0.08 mol) of sodium metabisulphite and 25 ml of water for 30 hours in a 250-ml three-necked flask, equipped with a reflux condenser and mechanical stirrer. Add sodium carbonate until the mixture is alkaline and remove the excess of p-toluidine by steam distillation. Keep the residual solution in a refrigerator until crystallisation is complete, filter with suction on a Buchner funnel and wash with 10 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution. Dissolve the product in c. 35 ml of hot water to which sufficient hydrochloric acid is added to render the mixture acid to Congo red. Keep in a refrigerator until crystallisation is complete, filter with suction, wash with a little ice-cold hydrochloric acid, followed by a small volume of ice-cold water. Dry the residual 2-p-tolylamino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid at 100 °C the yield is 9.5 g (60%). 

US, 3/ )-malic -3-1 acid [plus(2Sl-malic -2-t acid (T lost in next step)]... 

With the stereochemistry of the citrate lyase reaction determined, that of the Si citrate synthetase (the common enzyme) was established as shown in Fig. 70. Condensation of (J )-acetic-d, t acid (configuration known by synthesis) with oxalo-acetate gives what turns out to be mainly (2S,3/ )-citric-2-d,2-/ acid (112).41 When this acid is then cleaved with citrate lyase, the major product is (/ )-acetic-d, t acid, as established by the malate synthetase/fumarase diagnosis. It follows that both the Si-citrate synthetase and citrate lyase reactions must involve the same stereochemical course. Since that of the lyase reaction is inversion (vide supra), that of the Si synthetase reaction must be inversion also. And since the overall stereochemical result shown in Fig. 70 is not dependent on the magnitude of the... 

The lower the isotope effect, the less the preservation of optical purity in the overall reaction. However, even if there were an inverse isotope effect, the stereochemical outcome would not be altered i.e. one would not obtain any excess of (5)-acetic-d,t acid in the end, rather the (R)-acid would be isotopically diluted by much CH2TC02H. 

The workers were applying a low-volatile 2, t,5-T butoxy-ethanol ester formulation diluted with fuel oil at 3 gal/100 gal (2% 2,U,5-T acid equivalent). The spray was applied selectively to the lower 3 to U feet of trees and brush in a utility right-of-way using hand-pressurized backpack sprayers (2.5 gal capacity). The applicators wore short-sleeved shirts open at the neck, long pants, no gloves and no hat. One of the backpacks leaked as evidenced by soaking of the applicator s clothing at the lower back. 

According to later recollection by observers in the EPA study as reported by Leng (3.), the study with 2,1, 5-T had been conducted in Arkansas in 1970 on workers applying a low volatile 2,1, 5-T propylene glycol butyl ether ester formulation diluted with diesel oil at 2 gal/l 0 gal (about 3% 2,1, 5-T acid equivalent). The spray crew consisted of a foreman and three applicators who used knapsack equipment to spray around the base of individual trees and up to 2 feet on the trunks. According to an observer, they wore jeans and gloves but little care was taken to avoid skin contact. 

The product used was a low-volatile 2,1, 5-T propylene glycol butyl ether ester formulation containing 0.0U ppm 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). It was applied as an emulsion in water at a rate of 1.6 pounds of 2,1, 5-T acid equivalent per acre (lb/A) in the backpack study, and 2 lb/A in the other studies. These were low-volume applications at 10 gal/A in the ground studies and 5 gal/A by air. Thus, the workers in the aerial studies were exposed to about 5 2,1, 5-T spray solutions compared to the 2 or 3 used in the earlier studies by Dow and EPA described above (3, 7). 

The apparent rate of excretion was slower after dermal exposure than after oral administration, probably due to slower absorption of the 2,4,5-T ester from the skin than 2,4,5-T acid from the gut. This is in agreement with observations made by Feldmann and Maibach for 2,4-D and other pesticides applied to the forearm of human volunteers (13). Calculations by Ramsey et al. using three methods showed that 97% of the 2,4,5-T absorbed by forest workers would be excreted in urine within 7 days following dermal exposure under typical field conditions (16). 

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