System safety programs types

For convenience, a table can be used to record the results of this part of the analysis. Other ways to record the information are also possible. In a classic System Safety program, the information would be included in the hazard log. Figure 8.3 shows the results of step 1 for the simple interlock example. The table contains four hazardous types of behavior ... 

An organization may benefit from two types of system safety programs. The first focuses on the end product designed, manufactured, and/or produced by... 

The second type of system safety program focuses on the organization s own facilities, equipment, or operations, not on its end products. A weapons system contractor, for example, may benefit from conducting a system safety program for a new production facility or even for selected items of plant equipment. 

Routinely, the government will require the SSPP to contain, at the very least, the items specified in MIL-STD-882. The SSPP will typically include explanations of the contractor s intended system safety program effort. The SSPP will usually provide detailed information about the system safety personnel and their qualifications, which must meet the minimum requirements of the RFP specifications. Information pertaining to intended standard operating procedures (SOPs) and other types of operating instractions are also described. The SSPP should provide... 

Though this might appear as almost a laundry list of system safety concepts, they do ht well into a cogent unit as PSM plan, the same type of elements described in the system safety program plan and in general in a good SMS as described in Chapter 4. 

Fault hazard analysis is mentioned very frequently in system safety literature, sometimes as a type of analysis and occasionally as a technique. One NASA system safety document (NHB 1700.1-V3, System Safety) describes it as the analysis to be performed after the preliminary hazard analysis for further analysis of systems and subsystems and suggests that it can be either a separate analysis or an extension of the failure modes and effects analysis (NASA 1970). Most programs today (including NASA) refer to this analysis as the subsystem hazard analysis (SSHA) and the system hazard analysis (SHA). 

In this type of organization, safety loses its identity because it is integrated into the management system there are no safety programs. There are few accidents there is simply excellent management [5]. 

Product safety is the process applied to develop and build a safe product. For many types of products, this is achieved by ensuring the product design meets government standards and requirements for that family of products (i.e., compliance-based or prescriptive safety). When the requirements are met, it is assumed the product is safe. A more effective product safety program would be to combine the prescriptive safety requirements with an SSP that implements the system safety process. 

The intent of the SSP is to ensure that the system design meets applicable safety requirements, and that all hazards associated with the system are identified and eliminated, or controlled in a manner consistent with program objectives, constraints, and risks. The SSP also provides management visibility of safety risks inherent in the design and planned operations, and defines the process required for management to formally reduce and accept the system safety risks. Regardless of the type, size, or complexity of a system, there are specific items required to formulate an SSP. In order to exist as an entity, an SSP requires the following items, as a minimum ... 

As it is imperative that the plant-derived hiopharmaceutical product must be obtained repeatedly and on a consistent basis, a master cell culture bank, seed bank for transgenic plants, or virus seed stock for transient expression systems must be constantly maintained. Storage conditions must therefore he optimized to prevent contamination and ensure viability. Both transgene stability (e.g., reversion to wild type or sequence drift of plant virus expression vectors) and protein expression levels must be monitored in a representative plant of a given bank or stock to minimize any possible variation in expression levels that may affect safety and consistency of the hnal product. A program that monitors lot-to-lot consistency of the hiochemical and biological properties by comparing the product with appropriate in-house reference standards could he implemented as a fundamental component of product development. 

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