System isobutanol

Lores, M. T. De la Torre, J. Burguet, M. C. Monton, J. B. Vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary systems isobutanol with m-xylene, o-xylene and p-xylene at 101.3 kPa. J. Chem. Eng. Data 1999, 44, 869-872. 

Partial replacement of ethanol by methanol has nearly no effect. In the case of propanol an increase in grafting is visible. This can be attributed to the mixing of higher carbon alcohols, e.g., butanol and isobutanol, with the active solvent methanol, which increases the miscibility of the monomer in these grafting systems and, consequently, increases the penetration of monomer to the active sites on the cellulose chains. 

The probe reaction utilized a 1/1 molar mixture of methanol and isobutanol over H-mordenite, a strongly acidic zeolite comprised of linear one-dimensional channels made up of 12-ring 6.5 by 7.0 A windows [8]. There is a side-pocket system in H-... 

Stockhardt, J.S. and Hull, C.M. Vapor-liquid equilibria and boiling-point composition relations for systems rrbntanol-water and isobutanol-water, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23(12) 1438-1440, 1931. 

Other HPLC systems use Zorbax (silica gel) column 0.5mx 8 mm or 0.25 mx 2.1mm with mobile phases of chloroform/ethyl acetate/acetic acid 38 5 1 ) or methylene chloride/hexane/isobutanol/ acetic acid/water 50 50 10 4 .046. 

Hou (1993) reported that for a petroleum sulfonate-HPAM-mixed alcohol (isopropanol isobutanol = 8 1) system, the addition of polymer did not change the three types of phase behavior, but the upper phase and lower phase volumes were increased very slightly and the middle phase volume was decreased accordingly. This volume changes were caused by the interaction of the alcohol with HPAM. HPAM brought some of alcohol from the middle phase into the aqueous phase, resulting in the decrease in the middle phase volume. As polymer concentration was increased, the aqueous phase viscosity was increased while the middle phase viscosity remained almost unchanged because very little polymer would go to the middle phase. Therefore, HPAM had little effect on the middle phase properties. 

V2O5 (Janssen Chimica, purity > 99.9%), isobutanol (Aldrich, by Karl Fisher titration the content of water was found to be 0.1%), H3PO4 (Fluka, purity > 99%), benzene (Aldrich, purity > 99%), and n-octane (Aldrich, ptirity > 99%) were used as obtained for VPO preparation. Water was purified on Milli-Q plus system, SiC (particle size 0.3 mm) provided by Prolabo was used as obtained. 

The effect of phase structure on the coefficient of friction was studied for TRS 10-410 + isobutanol + salt + water system. The coefficient of friction was measured on aluminum-aluminum metal surfaces using the surfactant formulation at several salt concentrations. A significant change in the coefficient of friction was observed as the salt concentration was increased in the system because of the change from isotropic to anisotropic structure of the surfactant system. 

We have previously reported [9] our study on the microstructure of TRS 10 - 410 + isobutanol system using freeze fracture electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy. The results clearly showed the formation of lamellar structures in the NaCl concentration in the range of 1.2 to 2%. It appears from the present study that the lamellar structure is more effective in reducing coefficient of friction and protecting the metal surface against wear as compared to spherical micelles or adsorbed monolayer of surfactant on metal surface. Presumably the lamellar structures orient parallel to the metal surface, and hence reduce the coefficient of friction as well as protect the surface against wear. 

CPT was determined using a radiochemical isotope forward assay as described previously. In brief, the assay system contained lOmM Tris-HCl-buffer (pH 7.6), 0,1% fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.08 mM palmitoyl-CoA and 5 mM [ CJ-camitine in a final volume of 1 ml and the assay temperature was 30 °C. Experiments were performed either in the presence or in the absence of 0.4 mM malonyl-CoA to inhibit CPT I. Concentration of L-AC was varied between 0 and 30mM. Incubations were started by the addition of homogenate and stopped after lOmin by addition of ammonium sulfate and isobutanol. Labelled pahnitoylcamitine was measured after separation of the organic phase using a scintillation counter (Beckmann LS 6500). 

Uses Defoamer for water-reducible emulsion and latex systems, high gloss architectural paints, wood preservative stains, aq. flexographic inks, primers, acid catalyzed systems, automotive basecoats, coating colors (folding boxboard), wastewater treatment Properties Lt. yel. si. vise, translucent liq. sol. in butanol, glycol ethers, ethoxypropanol, hexanol, isobutanol, IPA, methoxypropanol, MEK, min. spirits, xylene partly sol. in acetone, ethanol dens. 1.01 g/ml (20 C) flash pt. > 200 C pH = 7.0 (2% in Dl water) nonionic 100% act. 

FIGURE 8.1 Pyrograms of an acrylic lacquer, acrylic enamel, and aUcyd enamel used in some original automotive topcoat paint systems. 1 = methyl methacrylate, 2 = methacryUc acid, 3 = dibutyl phthalate, 4 = butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, 5 = butyl benzyl phthalate, 6 = butanol, 7 = styrene, 8 = butyl methacrylate, 9 = 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 10 = isobutanol, 11 = vinyltoluene, 12 = phthalic anhydride, and 13 = phthalimide. 

For the system tert-butanol-water a miscibility gap is predicted, although tertiary butanol in contrast to 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and isobutanol forms a homogeneous mixture with water. 

Activity coefficients calculated by these methods agree fairly well for systems where the original equations, i.e., Eqs. (3.50) to (3.66), apply. Carlson and Colburn (5) and Colburn, Schoenborn, and Shilling (8) have shown that the van Laar constants cannot be calculated from solubility data for n-butanol-water and isobutanol-water, but the van Laar equations do not satisfactorily describe the activity coefficients obtained from vapor-liquid data in these systems either. 

In a petroleum sulfonate/isobutanol/dodecane/brine system, there are two regions of ultralow interfacial tension (IFT), one at low surfactant concentrations (0.1-0.2%) and the other at higher surfactant concentrations (4 to 10%). In the low concentration range, the oil/brine/surfactant/alcohol system is a two-phase system, whereas at high surfactant concentrations, it becomes a three-phase system in which a middle phase microemulsion is in equilibrium with excess brine and oil. For low surfactant concentration systems, we have shown that the ultralow IFT minimum corresponds to the onset of micellization and partition coefficient of surfactant near unity. This correlation was observed for the effect of surfactant concentration, salt concentration and oil chain length on the interfacial tension. The minimum in interfacial tension corresponds to a maximum electrophoretic mobility of oil droplets. This correlation was also observed for the effect of caustic on several crude oils. 

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