Syngas Feedstock

Acetic acid has been generated directly from synthesis gas (CO/H2) in up to 95 wt % selectivity and 97% carbon efficiency using a Ru-Co-I/Bu4PBr "melt" catalyst combination. The critical roles of each of the ruthenium, cobalt and iodide catalyst components in achieving maximum selectivity to HOAc have been identified. Ci Oxygenate formation is observed only in the presence of ruthenium carbonyls [Ru(C0)3l3] is here the dominant species. Controlled quantities of iodide ensure that initially formed MeOH is rapidly converted to the more reactive methyl iodide. Subsequent cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation to acetic acid may be preparatively attractive (>80% selectivity) relative to competing syntheses where the [00(00)4] concentration is optimized that is, where the Co/Ru ratio is >1, the syngas feedstock is rich in 00 and the initial iodide/cobalt ratios are close to unity. 

One of the advantages of a TFBR is the ease with which the product separates from the catalyst the liquid waxes simply flow out of the catalyst bed. Also, if the reactor becomes contaminated with sulphur compounds, only the part of the catalyst bed closest to the reactant entrance will be de-activated, whereas with the SPR then, all the catalyst will be susceptible to poisoning. This disadvantage can be overcome by ensuring that sulphur removal processes for the syngas feedstock are wholly efficient. However, in contrast, there are a number of advantages of SPRs over TFBRs, which are as follows ... 

Some of these contaminants, such as halogens and iron, are not present in the syngas feedstock. However, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and sulfur-containing compounds may be depending on the process used to generate the syngas [9]. 

Environmental Analysis of Different Scenarios of Power Generation in Iran with Natural Gas, Vacuum Residue and Syngas Feedstock... 

Keywords Gasification, Environmental Analysis, Fuel oil, Syngas feedstock. Steam cycle power plant... 

Coal was the original feedstock for syngas at BeUe thus ethylene glycol was commercially manufactured from coal at one time. Ethylene glycol manufacture from syngas continues to be pursued by a number of researchers (10). 

Methods for the large-scale production of hydrogen must be evaluated in the context of environmental impact and cost. Synthesis gas generation is the principal area requiring environmental controls common to all syngas-based processes. The nature of the controls depends on the feedstock and method of processing. 

Synthesis gas, a mixture of CO and o known as syngas, is produced for the oxo process by partial oxidation (eq. 2) or steam reforming (eq. 3) of a carbonaceous feedstock, typically methane or naphtha. The ratio of CO to may be adjusted by cofeeding carbon dioxide (qv), CO2, as illustrated in equation 4, the water gas shift reaction. 

Fig. 6. Sulfur profile for SCGP-1 feedstocks. Overall sulfur removal is >99.4% and the sulfur in the sweet syngas is <20 ppm.

Once syngas and methanol can be produced viably from renewable resources then established synthetic pathways can be used to produce a whole variety of bulk chemical feedstocks (Scheme 6.16). (There is insufficient space to discuss the details here and readers are invited to consult a textbook of industrial chemistry.) By analogy, syngas and/or methanol will become the petroleum feedstock of the future. 

Comparable to IGT technology for syngas generation is the high-temperature Winkler (HTW) gasification process. A commercial HTW unit was installed in 1988 at a Finnish ammonia synthesis plant and has operated successfully using peat as a feedstock.51... 

Hycar (1) A reforming process for making syngas from light hydrocarbons, differing from the standard process in using two reactors. The second reactor (a convective reformer), operated in parallel with the primary reformer, preheats the feedstock. Developed by Uhde. 

The ability to remove contaminants in the feedstock and to produce a clean syngas product. 

Gasification (Partial Oxidation), in which the feedstock is converted to syngas in the presence of oxygen and a moderating agent (steam) in a refractory-lined gasification reactor... 

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