Ethylene glycol, manufacture

Coal was the original feedstock for syngas at BeUe thus ethylene glycol was commercially manufactured from coal at one time. Ethylene glycol manufacture from syngas continues to be pursued by a number of researchers (10). 

Integration of vinyl acetate and ethylene glycol manufacturing through the intermediate 1,2-diacetoxyethane. 

Derivation From ethylene and oxygen as a by-product of ethylene glycol manufacture. 

Carbowax n. Poly(ethylene glycol), manufactured by Union Carbide, USA (now Dow Chemical). 

Diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol are obtained principally as by-products of ethylene glycol manufacture. 

CH2C1 CH2C1. Colourless liquid with an odour like that of chloroform b.p. 84 C. It is an excellent solvent for fats and waxes. Was first known as oil of Dutch chemists . Manufactured by the vapour- or liquid-phase reaction of ethene and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst. It reacts with anhydrous ethano-ales to give ethylene glycol diethanoate and with ammonia to give elhylenediamine, these reactions being employed for the manufacture of these chemicals. It burns only with difficulty and is not decomposed by boiling water. 

C HioOj, (H0CH2CH2)20. A colourless and almost odourless liquid b.p. 244 C. Readily absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. It is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of ethylene glycol by the hydra-lion of ethylene oxide. Manufactured by heat-... 

CH3 CH0H CH20H, a colourless, almost odourless liquid. It has a sweet taste, but is more acrid than ethylene glycol b.p. 187. Manufactured by heating propylene chlorohydrin with a solution of NaHCO under pressure. It closely resembles dihydroxyethane in its properties, but is less toxic. Forms mono-and di-esters and ethers. Used as an anti-freeze and in the preparation of perfumes and flavouring extracts, as a solvent and in... 

CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH. A colourless liquid with a pleasant odour b.p. 135 C. Manufactured by heating ethylene oxide with ethanol and a catalyst, or by treating ethylene glycol with diethyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide. Used extensively as a solvent in nitrocellulose lacquers. 

Polymerisation of a diol with a dicarboxybe acid is exemplified by the production of a polyester from ethylene glycol and terephthabc acid either by direct esterification or by a catalysed ester-interchange reaction. The resulting polyester (Terylene) is used for the manufacture of fibres and fabrics, and has high tensile strength and resibency its structure is probably ... 

Ethylene glycol was originally commercially produced in the United States from ethylene chlorohydrin [107-07-3J, which was manufactured from ethylene and hypochlorous acid (eq. 8) (see Chlorohydrins). Chlorohydrin can be converted direcdy to ethylene glycol by hydrolysis with a base, generally caustic or caustic/bicarbonate mix (eq. 9). An alternative production method is converting chlorohydrin to ethylene oxide (eq. 10) with subsequent hydrolysis (eq. 11). 

Ethylene glycol can be manufactured by the reaction of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide to form ethylene carbonate (eq. 17) which can be hydroly2ed to ethylene glycol (eq. 18). 

Although catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide to maximize ethylene glycol production has been studied by a number of companies with numerous materials patented as catalysts, there has been no reported industrial manufacture of ethylene glycol via catalytic ethylene oxide hydrolysis. Studied catalysts include sulfonic acids, carboxyUc acids and salts, cation-exchange resins, acidic zeoHtes, haUdes, anion-exchange resins, metals, metal oxides, and metal salts (21—26). Carbon dioxide as a cocatalyst with many of the same materials has also received extensive study. 

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