Sweating

The postcrystallization treatment sweating is a temperature-induced purification step. After the crystallization process, the temperature of the cooled surface is raised close to the melting point of the pure component (about 1-2 K below). As a consequence, the impurities adhering to the crystal coat and those contained in pores of the crystalline material remelt (partially diluted with pure material). The remolten impure material flows out of the pores and finally drains under the influence of gravity. During the sweating process, a product loss of about 10% is accompanied. 

As rule of thumb, it can be stated that the purification step sweating is more suitable for the static mode compared to the dynamic mode, because the achieved improvements in distribution coefficient are less than those for static mode. This rule depends, of course, on the mixture (the substances) used. In summary, the possible advantages of sweating are [7,9] 

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If the patient is in a state of shock (f.e., pale, faint or collapsed, sweating, cold) treat by lying flat, or preferably with the legs raised approximately one foot, loosen clothing around the neck, keep warm but not hot (one to two blankets) and transfer to hospital or obtain medical attention urgently ... 

Strike found this next thing doing an all-nighter Chemical Abstracts search. Strike does not even want to try to explain it. Just read it. If you understand it, great If not, don t sweat it. Hell if Strike will ever try the damn thing [88] (Note the P2Pol production) ... 

Swaits reactions Sweat glands Sweep flocculation Sweet basil Sweet basil oil Sweet chocolate Sweet crude oil Sweeteners... 

Waxes hydrocarbon Wax printing Wax sizing materials Wax sweating Waxy corn WB4101 [613-67-2] W341C [110368-36-0] Weak interfaces Weapons Wear factors Wear resistance Weather balloons Weathering... 

Whatever the physiology of odor perception may be, the sense of smell is keener than that of taste (22). If flavors are classed into odors and tastes as is common practice in science, it can be calculated that there are probably more than 10 possible sensations of odor and only a few, perhaps five, sensations of taste (13,21,35—37). Just as a hereditary or genetic factor may cause taste variations between individuals toward phenylthiourea, a similar factor may be in operation with odor. The odor of the steroid androsterone, found in many foods and human sweat, may eflcit different responses from different individuals. Some are very sensitive to it and find it unpleasant. To others, who are less sensitive to it, it has a musk or sandalwood-like smell. Approximately 50% of the adults tested cannot detect any odor even at extremely high concentrations. It is befleved that this abiUty is genetically determined (38). 

Microcapsules are used in several film coatings other than carbonless paper. Encapsulated Hquid crystal formulations coated on polyester film are used to produce a variety of display products including thermometers. Polyester film coated with capsules loaded with leuco dyes analogous to those used in carbonless copy paper is used as a means of measuring line and force pressures (79). Encapsulated deodorants that release their core contents as a function of moisture developed because of sweating represent another commercial appHcation. Microcapsules are incorporated in several cosmetic creams, powders, and cleansing products (80). 

Antiperspirants. Aluminum chlorohydrate, widely used as an antiperspirant (32), came into usage in the early 1940s (2). The mechanism for antiperspirant activity is the formation of an obstmctive aluminum hydroxide plug within the sweat gland duct (17). When aluminum chlorohydrate at body temperature is simultaneously diluted with sweat and exposed to the higher pH on the skin, insoluble aluminum hydroxide rapidly forms. 

Venlafaxine (48) is a stmcturaHy novel phenylethylamine derivative that strongly inhibits both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake. It lacks anticholinergic, antihistaminergic, and antiadrenergic side effects. As compared to placebo, most common adverse events are nausea, somnolence, dizziness, dry mouth, and sweating. Venlafaxine-treated patients also experienced more headaches and nausea, but less dry mouth, dizziness, and tremor than patients treated with comparator antidepressants. 

Contact with elemental selenium does not injure the skin. Selenium dioxide, however, upon contact with water, sweat, or tears, forms selenous acid, a severe skin irritant. Selenium oxyhaHdes are extremely vesicant and cause bums when in contact with human skin (91,92). Hydrogen selenide affects the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes (93). 

The unusual physical complaints and findings in workers overexposed to teUurium include somnolence, anorexia, nausea, perspiration, a metallic taste in the mouth and garlic-like odor on the breath (48). The unpleasant odor, attributed to the formation of dimethyl teUuride, has not been associated with any adverse health symptoms. Tellurium compounds and metaboUc products have been identified in exhaled breath, sweat, urine, and feces. Elimination is relatively slow and continuous exposure may result in some accumulation. No definite pathological effects have been observed beyond the physical complaints outlined. Unlike selenium, teUurium has not been proved to be an essential biological trace element. 

The guarded hot-plate method can be modified to perform dry and wet heat transfer testing (sweating skin model). Some plates contain simulated sweat glands and use a pumping mechanism to deUver water to the plate surface. Thermal comfort properties that can be deterrnined from this test are do, permeabihty index (/ ), and comfort limits. PermeabiUty index indicates moisture—heat permeabiUty through the fabric on a scale of 0 (completely impermeable) to 1 (completely permeable). This parameter indicates the effect of skin moisture on heat loss. Comfort limits are the predicted metaboHc activity levels that may be sustained while maintaining body thermal comfort in the test environment. 

The conventional he at-treatment refining includes Hquidation or sweating and boiling, or tossing. 

The kidney is an important organ for the excretion of toxic materials and their metaboHtes, and measurement of these substances in urine may provide a convenient basis for monitoring the exposure of an individual to the parent compound in his or her immediate environment. The Hver has as one of its functions the metaboHsm of foreign compounds some pathways result in detoxification and others in metaboHc activation. Also, the Hver may serve as a route of elimination of toxic materials by excretion in bile. In addition to the Hver (bile) and kidney (urine) as routes of excretion, the lung may act as a route of elimination for volatile compounds. The excretion of materials in sweat, hair, and nails is usually insignificant. 

Skin wool is the term appHed to fellmongered wool, usually removed from skins by a sweating process involving bacterial action or by action of hme-sulftde depilatory. 

Fermentation (Curing). Prior to shipment from producing countries, most cocoa beans undergo a process known as curing, fermenting, or sweating. These terms are used rather loosely to describe a procedure in which seeds are removed from the pods, fermented, and dried. Unfermented beans, particularly from Haiti and the Dominican RepubHc, are used in the United States. 

Silicon. Sihcon [7740-21-3] added to copper forms alloys of high strength and toughness along with improved corrosion resistance, particularly in acidic media. Sihcon in small amounts can improve fluidity. Sihcon is a very harmful impurity in leaded tin bron2e alloys, however, because it contributes to lead sweat and unsoundness. 

The soHd purity is enhanced by applying heat and causing impurities to flow from the heated soHds through a process known as sweating. 

After sweating, either the cycle is returned to step 1 and additional soHds are deposited or the soHds present on the tube wall are melted and recovered as product. 

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