Sustainable development indicators

United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, Indicators of Sustainable Development Guidelines and Methodologies, United Nations, 2001. Available at http // www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/isdms2001/isd-ms2001isd.htm. 

With the development of sustainable development indicators also moving into the role of pesticides and their impact on the environment, clearly, sound statistical information was required, particularly if the role of policy changes on pesticide use was to be assessed over time. Furthermore, an important target of the European Union s (EU) 5th Environmental Action Programme was the reduction of pesticide risk, but this would be impossible to monitor without sound information on changes in use over time. 

Rinne J, Lyytimaki J, Kautto P (2013) From sustainability to well-being lessons learned from the use of sustainable development indicators at national and EU level. Ecol Indie 35 35 2 Rosen MA, Kishawy HA (2012) Sustainable manufacturing and design concepts, practices and needs. Sustainability 4(2) 154-174... 

Economic impacts of sustainability can be measured with a capital approach that can be defined as maintaining economic, environmental, human, and social capital over time for future generations (Kulig, Kolfoort, and Hoekstra 2010). The capital approach can be proposed as a theoretical basis for sustainable development indicators (Atkinson and Hamilton 2003 World Bank 2006 UNECE 2014). The capital approach provides a theoretical approach by measuring all capital stocks in their own units. The capital approach can provide consistent, theoretically sound, and policy-relevant comparisons between countries (Kulig et al. 2010). 

Cornelissen AMG, van den Berg J, Koops WJ, Udo HMJ (2001) Assessment of the contribution of sustainability indicators to sustainable development a novel approach using fuzzy set theory. Agric Ecosys Environ 86 173-185... 

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization [39-41] and Ausubel and Sladovich [4] emphasize the importance of cleaner production, pollution prevention, waste minimization, sustainable development, zero emission, materials substimtion, dematerialization, decarbonization, functional economic analysis, and IE indicators. These ways and means for analysis and design of industrial ecology are described separately herein. 

A similar method proposed by Hoffmann [26] involves analyzing process alternatives based on two indices. The total armuabzed profit per service unit (TAPPS) and material intensity per service unit (MIPS) are calculated as economic and environmental factors, respectively. TAPPS is used to calculate the maximum profit per unit of product produced. MIPS is used to calculate the number of input and output streams in a process. MIPS was used based on the knowledge that a global reduction in material streams (solvents, reactants,) is necessary to lead toward sustainable development. TAPPS and MIPS are determined for several process alternatives, which are analyzed using a Pareto Chart for their feasibihty within a plant. However, MIPS does not account for the release of toxic solvents and reagents into the environment. Therefore it has been noted that it should be used in conjunction with LCA and other methods to avoid the use of highly toxic solvents and other raw materials [26]. 

Scholes G. Integrating sustainable development into the Shell Chemicals business. In Weijnen MPC, Herder, PM, eds. Environmental Performance Indicators in Process Design and Operation. Proceedings of EFCE Event 616. Delft Delft University Press, 1999 69-82. 

The problem of sustainable development of the NSS, initiated at the Rio de Janeiro 1992 Summit, is being discussed and supervised by the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD). Its main mandate is to monitor the progress that has been made on the path toward a sustainable future. The CSD in its third session in 1995 adopted a five-year Work Program on Indicators of Sustainable Development. The elements of the Work Program on Indicators of Sustainable Development are as follows ... 

Payne, R. (1993) Sustainable tourism Suggested indicators and monitoring techniques. In J.G. Nelson, R. Butler and G. Wall (eds) Tourism and Sustainable Development Monitoring, Planning, Managing (pp. 249-253). London, Ontario University of Waterloo. 

Responsible Care is the chemicals industry s contribution towards sustainable development efforts, as indicated within the strategies of SAICM. 

Sustainable Development, Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, are terms often used to describe the trend towards enhanced performance and reporting with respect to environmental, social, and economic indicators. 

Overall, more than 40 percent of the directors had citations that could be related to the tenets of sustainable development. The number of citations is an important indication of the propensity of the directors to speak to the public about issues related to sustainable development. The frequency with which directors refer to sustainable development in their communications is another important indication of personal commitment. The evidence in Table 8.11 suggests that between 29 and 58 percent of board members are actively speaking in terms that reflect a predisposition to sustainable development. 

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