Surveys implementation

In the implementation step, researchers must decide whether the data is to be collected sequentially or concurrently. There should be a clear rationale for choosing a specific strategy that is tied to the overall goal of the study. For example, in a sequential design where the qualitative data are collected and analyzed first, the emergent understandings may be explored with a wider audience in a second quantitative phase. That was the implementation approach used in the Mulford and Robinson study (2) described above. The qualitative phase took place first and was used to develop the survey implemented in the quantitative phase of the study. 

The task force must be capable of identifying pollution reduc tion alternatives as well as be cognizant of inherent obstacles to the process. Barriers frequently arise from the anxiety associated with the belief that the program will negatively affect produc t quality or result in production losses. According to an EPA survey, 30 percent of indus-tiy comments responded that they were concerned that product qualify would decline if waste minimization techniques were implemented (Ref. 6). As such, the assessment team, and the team leader in particular, must be ready to react to these and other concerns (Ref. 2fy... 

Radovilsky, Z. D., Gotcher, J. W. and Slattsveen, S. 1996 Implementing Total Quality Management statistical analysis of survey results. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 13(1), 10-23. 

The world of colloidal particles is large and fasdnating. Basic simulation techniques rapidly lead to challenging questions and new things to be discovered. Computer simulations are close enough to experiments to allow intellectual inspiration as well as a quantitative comparison of the results. We have reviewed the basic simulation techniques and their principal implementation but could only briefly mention advanced techniques and results. A survey of the recent literature shows the variety of physical effects present in colloidal systems and accessible to computer simulations. 

For example, a facility manager may be confident that PSM policies and procedures are in place, but line personnel may indicate in the same survey that they are unaware of them—suggesting a gap that your implementation plan should address. 

Whether you use an audit, a survey, or a combination of both, remember that your results provide a picture of your PSM activities as of a fixed point in time. This creates a useful point of departure for detailed planning, pointing the way toward implementation and establishing a benchmark for future measurement. 

A survey of 500 plants that have implemented predictive maintenance methods indicates substantial improvements in reliability, availability and operating costs. The successful programs included in the survey include a cross-section of industries and provide an overview of the types of improvements that can be expected. Based on the survey results, major improvements can be achieved in maintenance costs, unscheduled machine failures, repair downtime, spare parts inventory, and both direct and in-direct overtime premiums. In addition, the survey indicated a dramatic improvement in machine life, production, operator safety, product quality and overall profitability. 

The overall benefits of predictive maintenance management have proven to substantially improve the overall operation of both manufacturing and process plants. In all surveyed cases, the benefits derived from using condition-based management have offset the capital equipment cost required to implement the program within the first three months. Use of microprocessor-based predictive maintenance techniques has further reduced the annual operating... 

Leahy, P.P. Rosenshein, J.S. and Knopman, D.S. Implementation for The National Water-Quality Assessment ogram. U.S. Geographical Survey Open-File Report 90-174, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Denver, CO, 1990, 1-10. 

The evaluation survey used to identify the benefits associated with mentoring also revealed some room for improvement. The improvements have since been implemented, leading to an even better service of mentoring for trainees. In particular, the following aspects seemed to be in need of revision ... 

Best practices in the implementation of a large-scale market basket residue survey study... 

There are many varieties of density functional theories depending on the choice of ideal systems and approximations for the excess free energy functional. In the study of non-uniform polymers, density functional theories have been more popular than integral equations for a variety of reasons. A survey of various theories can be found in the proceedings of a symposium on chemical applications of density functional methods [102]. This section reviews the basic concepts and tools in these theoretical methods including techniques for numerical implementation. 

China Geological Survey. 2005 Technical Requirements of Sample Analysis in Ecological Geochemical Assessment (trial Implementation). DD2005-03 (in Chinese). 

Importantly, past and present human exposure to PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs results primarily from their transfer along the pathway atmospheric emissions air deposition -> terrestrial/aquatic food chains - human diet. Information from food surveys in industrialized countries indicates a daily intake of PCDD/PCDFs on the order of 50-200 pg I-TEQ/person per day for a 60 kg adult, or 1-3 pg I-TEQ/kg bw per day. If dioxin-like PCBs are also included, the daily total TEQ intake can be higher by a factor of 2-3. Recent studies from countries that started to implement measures to reduce dioxin emissions in the late 1980s clearly show decreasing PCDD/PCDF and PCB levels in food and, consequently, a lower dietary intake of these compounds by almost a factor of 2 within the past 7 years. 

Strength Habitability surveys conducted at CP (command post) upon arrival of Haz-Mat team. EPA conducted surveys at CP upon their arrival. SRS (Savannah River Site) and Richmond County Haz-Mat resources arrived on scene within a timely manner and were designated by FDIC (Fire Department Incident Commander) to be responsible for Haz-Mat operations. Haz-Mat personnel assisted in CP location determination. EPA utilized Coast Guard Gulf Coast Strike Team to provide monitoring and on scene response. By comparing consist (a list of all the cars in the train which describes their position in the train, type, contents, destination, etc.) to entry team visual inspection, chemicals involved were accurately identified. Written response plan and safety procedures implemented for Haz-Mat operations. Briefings provided to Haz-Mat responders by Safety Officer on entry considerations maps were covered for responders unfamiliar with the area. 

A great many human fatalities associated with acute HCN exposure have occurred, but exposure concentrations are for the most part unknown. Acute exposures that failed to result in mortality were either to high concentrations for very short exposure durations (approximately 500 or 450 ppm for approximately 1.5 min or 6 min, respectively [Barcroft 1931 Bonsall 1984]) or to exposure concentrations and times that were estimated (>25 ppm for about 1 h [Parmenter 1926]). Monitoring studies indicate that workers were routinely exposed at <10 ppm (Hardy et al. 1950 Grabois 1954 Maehly and Swensson 1970). Occupational HCN exposures at 1-10 ppm were acceptable at the time of these surveys as 10 ppm was the maximum acceptable concentration for workers. More effective exhaust ventilation was implemented where re... 

The conclusions from this rather elementary survey of the symmetry constraint problem all point in the same general direction. The imposition of symmetry constraints (other than the Pauli principle) on a variationally-based model is either unnecessary or harmful. Far from being necessary to ensure the physical reality of the wave function, these constraints often lead to absurd results or numerical instabilities in the implementation. The spin eigenfunction constraint is only realistic when the electrons are in close proximity and in such cases comes out of the UHF calculation automatically. The imposition of molecular spatial symmetry on the AO basis is not necessary if that basis has been chosen carefully — i.e. is near optimum. Further, any breakdowns in the spatial symmetry of the AO basis are a useful indication that the basis has been chosen badly or is redundant. 

Through a survey of select small, medium, and large companies, information was gathered about good practices for reactive hazard management within the chemical industry. CSB also visited chemical industry facilities that have implemented programs for managing reactive hazards. 

---