Surface Quality Evaluation

Keywords Optoelectronic profilometer. Surface quality evaluation. Roughness measurements. 

Contaminant concentrations Dispersal of airborne contaminants such as odors, fumes, smoke, VOCs, etc. transported by these airflows and transformed by a variety of processes including chemical and radiochemical transformation, adsorption, desorption to building materials, filtration, and deposition to surfaces evolution of contaminant concentrations in the individual zones air quality checks in terms of CO2 levels cross-contamination evaluation of zones air quality evaluations in relation to perception as well as health. Methods ate also applicable to smoke control design. 

For coatings, common evaluations are in regard to surface quality, chemical resistance, color, and weathering/light stability (discussed below). Gloss and... 

In order to calculate polymer/filler interaction, or more exactly the reversible work of adhesion characterizing it, the surface tension of the polymer must also be known. This quantity is usually determined by contact angle measurements or occasionally the pendant drop method is used. The former method is based on the Young, Dupre and Eowkes equations (Eqs. 21,8, and 10), but the result is influenced by the surface quality of the substrate. Moreover, the surface (structure, orientation, density) of polymers usually differs from the bulk, which might bias the results. Accuracy of the technique maybe increased by using two or more liquids for the measurements. The use of the pendant drop method is limited due to technical problems (long time to reach equilibrium, stability of the polymer, evaluation problems etc.). Occasionally IGC is also used for the characterization of polymers [30]. 

ISO/DIS 14592. (1999) Water quality - Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations in water. Part 1 Shake flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions (22.11.1999)... 

The content of oxygen is important for quality evaluation of surface waters, some types of wastewaters, for evaluation and checking of biological treatment plants, as well as for the study of the corrosive properties of water. Oxygen is usually not determined in drinking water, groundwater and the majority of raw wastewaters. 

It is common practice to measure the wettability of a treated surface to evaluate its suitability for bonding. In many cases this is an excellent quality control tool. However, there are dangers in relying solely on wettability to predict bondability because it does not always give the correct answer. 

A variation of the LORIA test uses new technology to evaluate the surface quality of Class A automotive body panels, eliminating subjective visual methods. It uses a low-intensity visible laser to detect surface deviations and imperfections. The beam is projected and scanned across the area, reflected on screen and captured by a high-resolution video camera. There is no contact with the surface, no stylus and no damage. 

Surface roughness is a term for defining surface qualities. At least two criteria are needed to evaluate the surface of a mold insert. First, the accuracy of the geometry of a surface is assessed, i.e., radii and flatness are checked for accuracy and are... 

Recent advances in color machine technology have provided sophisticated tools with extensive new applications for evaluating food quality. Shearer and Payne (1990) reported on sorting bell pq>pers based on color as characterized by the hue of light reflected from the pq>per surface. Shearer and Holmes (1990) proposed a color texture approach to identify seven common cultivars of nursery stock based on cooccurrence matrices. The addition of hue texture improved the classification accuracy from 81.7% to 90.9% over using intensity texture features alone. Liao et al. (1991) used color differences between vitreous and floury endosperm area of a corn kernel to classify corn hardness. Edan et al. (1994) used machine vision extracted appearance attributes such as size, shape and color for a multi-sensor based quality evaluation of tomatoes. These researches used color as an added dimension of information for classification, but made no attempt to quantify the colors of the food materials they were investigating. 

The purpose of the nondestructive control consists in detecting local modifications of the material parameters which, by their presence can endanger the quality of the half-finished or finished products. The electromagnetic nondestructive control permits to render evident surface and subsurface discontinuities in the electroconductive material under test. The present tendency of this control is to pass from a qualitative evaluation (the presence or absence of the material discontinuities which give at the output of the control equipment a signal higher or at least equal to that coming from a standard discontinuity whose shape and severity has been prescribed by the product standards) to a quantitative one, which enables to locate as exactly as possible the discontinuity and to make predictions over its shape and severity. 

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