Digital patterns surface areas

Based on equivalent circuit models of the cell component resistances [66], maximum ceU performance of SC-SOFCs with coplanar electrodes is predicted for very small electrode widths (6-10 pm) and gap sizes (2-12 pm). Performance comparisons of macro-, miUi-, and microcells [71] revealed a 10 times higher power density for the micro SC-SOFC which had smaller inter-electrode gaps and electrode widths. As closely spaced small-scale electrodes lower the ohmic resistance and the inter-digitated electrode pattern maximizes the electrode surface area, miniaturization of SC-SOFCs with coplanar, interdigitated electrodes is expected to yield suitable cell performance for small- and microscale power applications. The fabrication of microcells (Figure 2.3) presents many challenges and requires the manufacturing of coplanar microscale electrode patterns from multicomponent ceramic materials. 

Fig. 4.16. A schematic showing the basic concept of snbtractive inkjet that the authors have named digital lithography [79]. This process patterns nsing a digitally controlled method, but allows for deposition nsing any techniqne. The material to be patterned is first deposited. A molten wax is jetted in the desired pattern. The wax solidifies on contact with the surface. The unprotected areas are etched using conventional processes, the resist is stripped, and the next layer processed.

The digital image processing of Landsat TM band 6 for land surface temperature measurement carried ont for post-1991 Gulf War images show a remarkable pattern coincident with the snrface hydrocarbon disposition in the area expressed as variable LST within the image. The area shows an increase in the LST as compared to a pre-war image of 1989. 

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