Scanning electrochemical microscopy surface patterning

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), which has an intermediate resolution between that of conventional lithography and AFM/STM, is useful for mapping the electrochemically active areas of electronically conductive patterns of the films [38] it also can be used for the special mode of coating of the surface of metallic electrodes with ECP films by electroless deposition [39]. 

H Shiku, Y Hara, T Takeda, T Matsue, I Uchida. Microfabrication and characterization of solid surfaces patterned with enzymes or antigen-antibodies by scanning electrochemical microscopy. In G Jerkiewiecz, MP Soriaga, K Uosaki, A Wieckowski, eds. Solid-Liquid Electrochemical Interfaces. Washington, DC ACS, 1997, pp 202-209. 

Wittstock G (2001) Modification and characterization of artificially patterned enzymatically active surfaces by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Fresenius J Anal Chem 370(4) 303-315. doi 10.1007/s002160100795... 

F (2011) Microelectrochemical patterning of gold surfaces using 4-azidobenzenediazonium and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electrochem Commun 13(2) 150-153. doi 10.1016/j. 

Microfabrication and Characterization of Solid Surfaces Patterned with En mes or Antigen—Antibodies by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy... 

Cougnon, C., F. Gohier, D. Belanger, J. MauzeroU. In Situ formation of diazonium salts from nitro precursors for scanning electrochemical microscopy patterning of surfaces. Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 2009 4006 09. 

Matrab, T., C. Combellas, and F. Kanoufi. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for the direct patterning of a gold surface with organic moities derived from iodonium salt. Electrochem. Comm. 10, 2008 1230-1234. 

Ku, S.Y., Wong, K.T., and Bard, A.J. 2008. Surface patterning with fluorescent molecules using click chemistry directed by scanning electrochemical microscopy. lj AnrChem. 130 2392-2393. 

A main advantage of electrochemical deposition is the ease of manipulation by deposition parameters, such as potential, time, concentration of monomers, and water content in the deposition solution. Many works have shown that the thickness and properties of sol-gel films are strongly dependent on the deposition conditions [2,18,21,36]. Specifically, nanostructured sol-gel films can be electro-deposited using a template as a building block. The templates used include an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane and a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfectant [28,37]. In addition, the electrodeposition of sol-gel films can also be spatially confined to conductive patterns on the electrode surface [38], or localized by a microelectrode using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [39,40]. 

Shiku, H., Takeda, T., Yamoda, H., Matsue, T., Uchida, I. Microfabrication and characterization of diaph-orase-patterned surfaces by scanning electrochemical microscopy, AwaZ. Chem. 1995, 67, 312-317. 

Sheffer M, Mandlcr D (2008) Scanning electrochemical imprinting microscopy a tool ftn surface patterning. J Electrochem Soc 155(3) D203—D208. doi 10.1149/1.2830543... 

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