Surface micro-analysis

Static SIMS (SSIMS). This operates under non-damaging conditions. It gives good information on molecular content and, like Auger spectroscopy, can be used for surface micro-analysis at high spatial resolution. 

EPMA Solid Wide (Z > 4) Surface, imaging, micro-analysis 3... 

This stratified estuary has a depth of 40 m, with an upper fresh or brackish water layer of 0.2-4 m, depending on the river flow. The main source of pollution is untreated municipal wastewater, which is discharged into the estuary. Water samples were collected at different distances from these sewage outlets at two water depths from the fresh and the marine water layers. Furthermore, at one location, a vertical profile of the water column was made, including a sample of the water surface micro layer. Total A9PEOn, and individual AgPEOi, A9PEO2 and NP concentrations were determined with normal phase HPLC-FL analysis. 

Some of the techniques described in this chapter used most widely today are Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron-probe micro-analysis, low energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ion scattering spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The solid surface, after liberation of electrons, can be analyzed directly by AES, XPS, ISS, and EPMA (nondestructive techniques), or by liberation of ions from surfaces using SIMS (involving the destruction of the surface). Apart from the surface techniques, reflectance-absorbance infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy has also been employed for film characterization (Lindsay et al., 1993 Yin et al., 1993). Some... 

Table 5.10. The concentration of oxygen in FeO and sulfur in FeS on the rubbing metal surface estimated by the electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) technique (Murakami and Sakamoto, 1999)...

It is apparent from the above results that an asymmetric cation exchange membrane, of which one surface of the membrane has a polypyrrole layer, can be prepared by contacting one surface of the ferric ion form cation exchange membrane with an aqueous pyrrole solution. Figure 5.9 shows a cross-section of a cation exchange membrane having a polypyrrole layer (polymerization period 4 h).57 The dark part of the photograph is where polypyrrole exists. Furthermore, EPMA (electron probe micro analysis) of the cross-section of a similar membrane (polymerization period 1 h) also reveals a thin layer of polypyrrole on the membrane surface.57... 

The formation of anionic polyelectrolyte layers on the surfaces of anion exchange membranes provides ionic cross-linkage and excess anionic charge on the membrane surfaces. Figure 5.25 shows the distribution of sulfur, based on sulfonate groups, for a cross-section of a membrane, measured by EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analysis), when a strongly basic anion exchange membrane was immersed in an aqueous 200 ppm solution of the polycondensation product of sodium naphthalene sulfonate and formaldehyde for 17 h (sharp... 

Dey S, Varman R, Chakravarty A and Bhatta-CHARYA M (1993) The occurrence of barium in the corneal surface of the barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann) as revealed by energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis. Micron 24 451-455. 

The objective of this chapter is to follow the process of abiotic chemical degradation as it takes place within a piece of wood by examination of a series of tissues taken at increasing distances from the wood surface. Chemical analysis of the tissues under investigation is indispensable for interpretation of the optical evidence. Standard analyses for the main wood constituents were made of the respective tissues to supplement the micro-... 

A JEOL scanning electron microscopy (Model JSM6400) in conjunetion with EDX (energy dispersive speetrometer) has been used to identify the morphology of ash samples. EDX was helpful in determining the inorganie matter distribution. Micro analysis was carried out both on the external and internal surface. 

X lO atm at 1000 to 1600C. A thin film of NiO was deposited onto the surface of CoO single crystals by means of radio-frequency sputtering. Concentration-penetration curves were then obtained by electron-beam micro-analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results could be described by ... 

Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 120, 61 (1997). Characterisation of Particulate Matter from the Kara Sea Using Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analysis. 

LIMS Laser Ionization Mass Spectroscopy Surface, bulk u.v. laser (ns pulses) Ionized species analyzed with mass spectrometer 60-160 nm 6 pm-1 mm Elemental (micro)analysis detection limits 1-100 ppm 8... 

A scratch was created on the coated specimen using a rod with a diamond tip on a scratch tester (IMC-1552, Imoto Machinery Co. Ltd.). The load for the scratch was 30 g. The scratched specimen was put in a holder and connected to a conductive wire, followed by immersion in a 0.0005 M NaCl corrosive solution, maintained at 40°C. The electrochemical impedance spectroseopy of the scratched specimen was measured at intervals of 4 h, or more, for a total of 24 h. Measurement data were analysed to calculate the polarisation resistance after the test. Scratched specimens were also immersed in a 0.0005 M NaCl corrosive solution at 40°C for 7 days. The surface appearance of the specimens was observed after the corrosion test to confirm the self-healing properties of the coatings. The seratched part of the specimen was analysed after the corrosion test by Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA). 

The surface micro structure of the ZrB -SiC-ZrC ceramic before oxidation is shown in Figure 18a. EDS analysis (not shown here) showed that the microstructure of the ZrB -SiC-ZrC ceramic was characterized by ZrB (grey), SiC (dark) and ZrC (light). 

---