Supporting Evidence from Clinical Studies

Pecherstorfer M, Diel IJ. Rapid administration of ibandronate does not affect renal functioning evidence from clinical studies in metastatic bone disease and hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Support Care Cancer 2004 12 877-881. 

Is there any supporting evidence from clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance studies or animal studies ... 

The term transaminitis has been use in human medicine to describe mild elevations of the aminotransferases in the absence of other abnormal clinical laboratory findings in asymptomatic individuals, with apparently no supporting evidence from preclinical studies (Balazs, Farber, and Feuer 1978 Amacher 1998). 

Despite the wide distribution of phenolic compounds in edible plants and the high dietary intake, the health effects of plant phenolic compounds had not been extensively studied until the mid-1990s due to their diversity of species and chemical structures. Epidemiological studies have revealed that dietary consumption of fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods and beverages is inversely correlated with the incidences of many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases [Stevenson and Hurst, 2007]. The evidences from clinical and laboratory studies strongly support... 

As a nicotinic AChR agonist, nicotine stimulates dopamine release in the brain (Wonnacott et al., 2005). Dopamine agonists (reviewed in Moller et al., 2008) appear to exacerbate autistic symptoms, so a nicotinic antagonist would theoretically have therapeutic benefits. Mecamylamine is a nicotinic AChR agonist which could potentially be administered to autistics. No clinical trials with autistic patients have been conducted, but evidence from rodent studies offer support for a human trial. Recently, low doses of mecamylamine (0.125 mg/kg) administered to rats significantly improved cognitive function compared to saline-injected controls (p < 0.05 Levin and Caldwell, 2006). 

Laetrile was very popular as a cancer medicine in 1970s. " The evaluation of laetrile by NCI and other investigators on various solid tumors and leukemia implanted in mice and rats found no anticancer activity, although some reports claim positive results. The reports on the use of laetrile as an anticancer treatment are mostly anecdotal and case reports. The pubhshed data from clinical studies or case series provided no conclusive evidence in support of its beneficial effects. "" ... 

Recent evidence from observational studies indicates that vitamin Bg status, particularly blood level, is highly likely to be associated with reduced vascular disease. However, clinical trials has not supported those observational findings, possibly indicating that low blood levels of vitamin Bg may be a consequence of low-grade inflammation or smoking rather than the cause of cardiovascular disease. 

Apparently there are psychiatrist and nonpsychiatrist clinicians whose experience convinces them that MDMA can have therapeutic uses, mainly as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Despite these convictions, there appear to be no published data to support these claims. There is an urgent need for objective data from well-controlled, blinded clinical studies, if these claims of therapeutic usefulness are to be taken seriously. If a bona fide use is evident, then it may be possible to produce other drugs with the same desirable action, lacking the toxicity inherent in MDMA. 

Strength of recommendations A, B, C = good, moderate, and poor evidence to support recommendation, respectively. Quality of evidence 1 = Evidence from >1 properly randomized, controlled trial. 2 = Evidence from >1 well-designed clinical trial with randomization, from cohort or casecontrolled analytic studies from multiple time series, or from dramatic results from uncontrolled experiments 3 = Evidence from opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert communities... 

The significance of Lp(a) as a risk factor with high predictive potential has also become widely accepted in clinical medicine. Hearn et al. concluded from their study that the measurement of Lp(a) level provided the best predictive test for the incidence of CHD in their study population (H22). They concluded that measurement of Lp(a) might become an important screening test, which was supported by Genest et al. when they provided evidence for the notion that... 

From currently available data, one adult patient (1/170) challenged with oats was reported to have a severe adverse reaction to oats. Approximately 6% of adults and 9% of children withdrew from clinical trials due to reported adverse effects from the inclusion of oats in their diet. This evidence, along with the indication from some in vitro studies of an immunological response to avenin in the absence of clinical manifestations of celiac disease and the limitations of the database (previously discussed), supports a cautionary approach for the introduction of oats into a gluten-free diet until the prevalence of oats intolerance among people with celiac disease is well established (Dickey, 2008 Garsed and Scott, 2007). 

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