Supply chains simple model

We now present a simple supply chain intermediary model based on the setting of bilateral bargaining with complete information. There is one supplier who is to provide a certain product to a buyer. The supplier produces (or acquires) the product at a unit cost of s. The buyer is willing to pay v for each unit of the good. The supplier and the buyer may choose to trade directly, in which case a transaction cost T incurs. Suppose there are positive net gains... 

Pure simulation approaches are proposed by Pitty et al. (2008) and Adhitya and Srini-vasan (2010). Pitty et al. (2008) propose a discrete-event simulation model for a refinery supply chain. Operational decisions such as unloading schedules and production planning are made based on simple priority rules. Various configurations of the modelled SC are studied and compared to reveal optimization potentials. This approach explicitly considers some details of ship and pipeline transports. Adhitya and Srinivasan (2010) describe a discrete-event simulation model for an SC producing and distributing lubricant additives. Here, batch production is modelled. Again, operational production decisions are made by priority rules and a scenario analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of other priority... 

The flowshop problem is the simplest structure that resembles a simple supply chain structure. The problem is extensively studied in the literature with various models of different types and efficiencies developed and examined for different objective functions and constraints. Integer programming was one of the first models developed for optimizing flow shops. 

The disposable camera supply chain requires a careful design to in-centivize the customer to take the finished camera to a retail store, coordination agreements to incent the retail store to return the product to the manufacturer, a counter to track use of the components, simple snap design to separate components, sufficient capacity of subsidized labor to break apart the camera, and a competitive pricing model to recover component cost over multiple product generations. In short, all the Four Cs of supply chain management had to be planned carefully to ensure an effective reverse supply chain for the FunSaver cameras. 

Sustainable apparel retail would be easy to consider if all retailers had the same business model and if they aU operated as simple intermediaries in a supply chain... 

Pull-based ATP Models Pull-based ATP models perform dynamic resource allocation in direct response to actual customer orders. Models of this type can range from a simple database lookup to sophisticated optimization. The purpose of pull-based ATP models is to make best use of available resources (including raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and even production and distribution capacities) to commit customer order requests over a period of time across a supply chain. The time horizon in pull-based ATP models is usually so short that a company can assume full knowledge about the availability of production resources. Pull-based ATP models are responsible for matching complicated customer requests with diversified resource availability. The specific decisions usually involve which orders to accept and, for each order, what quantity and which due date to promise. 

The simulations and models can be as simple as management of databases performing some statistical analysis, or as complicated as a full supply chain simulation. 

ODB++. The ODB++ data format is a common language used for DEM and CAD/CAM data exchange. It overcomes many data communication obstacles within design/manufacturing supply chains. Data in this powerful open database impart an integrated and accurate physical model of all bare-board, component, and test-related information. It is designed as a simple yet comprehensive description of all entities used in the manufacture and assembly of a PCB. 

This simple three-state model of protein folding, shown schematically in Figure 7, ascribes a separate force to shaping the structure of each state. Local steric interactions trap the protein chain in a large ensemble of conformations with the correct topology hydrophobic interactions drive the chain to a smaller, more compact subset of conformations then dispersion forces supply the enthalpy loss required to achieve a relatively fixed and rigid ensemble of native conformations. 

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