Optimization of flow

Optimization of Flow Rates in a Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column.448... 

EXAMPLE 12.2 OPTIMIZATION OF FLOW RATES IN A LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION COLUMN... 

The fuel cell network which was simulated was not fully optimized. Optimization of flow geometry, operating pressure, stack fuel utilization and current, reactant conditioning, and other parameters would be expected to yield further significant increases in total system efficiency. 

Sonin, A.A. and Isaacson, M.S. 1974. Optimization of flow design in forced flow electrochemical systems with special application to electrodialysis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. 13, 241-248. 

The optimization of flow rate is best represented graphically. Thus a plot of HETP versus flow rate will generate a graph similar to that shown in Figure 2.3. 

J.M. Reijn, H. Poppe, W.E. van der Linden, A possible approach to the optimization of flow injection analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta 145 (1983) 59. 

M.F. Gine, R.L. Tuon, A.A. Cesta, A.P. Packer, B.F. Reis, Real-time simplex optimization of flow-injection systems for chemical analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta 366 (1998) 313. 

As Table 14.17 shows, optimization of flow distribution permits reduction in centrifuge length for the stated separation performance from 335.3 to 284.43 cm. The ratio of these lengths, 0.8483, is somewhat greater than the ideality efficiency of the uniform-flow case,... 

Y. Baba, H. Hirano, N. Yoza, and S. Ohashi, Optimization of Flow Injection Analysis for the Determination of Inorganic Phosphates Effect of Reaction Temperature [in Japanese]. J. Flow Injection Anal., 1(2) (1984) 40. 

The general approach for optimization of flow parameters includes injecting fluorescently labeled polystyrene particles of the sizes and sample dilution depending on the type of cells being sorted. For instance, for sorting blood cells, the polystyrene particles used were 7.32,10,15, and 20 pm in... 

HPLC and FIA. This design needs careful optimization of flow rate... 

Within the framework of component development, CFD is used for scientific modeling and model validation in addition to the classical engineering parameter studies and optimization processes. Both approaches are based on the use of HPC calculation capacity. Within the framework of modeling and vahdation, HPC facilitates a complex representation of the physical phenomena with fine space and time discretization. With the aid of such submodels and appropriate laboratory experiments, models for nozzles, heat transfer phenomena, two-phase flow, and so on can be derived and vahdated. CFD models thus selected and validated form the basis for the CFD-based design and optimization of flow systems. The classical engineering problem of parameter variation and optimization requires a large number of simulation calculations and therefore leads to an extremely high cost of computation. HPC allows the parallelization of individual simulations, which in turn makes it possible to calculate several simulations simultaneously and thus enables comprehensive parameter studies and flow optimizations to be completed in an acceptable time frame. In the ATR 10 development process, CFD simulations were conducted on up to 16 cores of the JuRoPA supercomputer simultaneously. This meant that when two simulation... 

T.M. Rossi, D.C. Shelly, I.M. Warner, Optimization of flow injection analysis system for multiple solvent extraction. Anal. Chem. 54 (1982) 2056—2061. 

The nonresolution of the two xylene isomers shows that brnte-force resolving power is not always the most effective solution to a separation problem. A change of stationary-phase selectivity can be a mnch more effective approach to optimization in this case a more polar stationary phase wonld be an appropriate choice. Not all chromatograms are so simple, however. A change of stationary phase may not be snfflcient when there are many closely eluted peaks. Some pairs may experience improved resolution while others may actually be eluted closer together. This kind of complex separation is an ideal candidate for careful optimization of flow and temperature, as discussed later in this chapter. 

This simple illustration shows how the basic choice of capillary versus packed columns determines the nature of the resulting separation and how optimization of flow and temperamre can produce further improvements. Now we will leave packed columns behind and consider in more detail the various avenues available for optimization of capillary-column separations. 

Hansen, E. H., L. Norgaard, and M. Pedersen. 1991. Optimization of flow-injection systems for determination of substrates by means of enzyme amplification reactions and chemiluminescence detection. Talanta 38 275-282. 

Horstkotte, B., C. M. Duarte, and V. Cerda. 2010. Response functions for SIMPLEX optimization of flow-injection analysis and related techniques. Trends Anal. Chem. 29(10) 1224-1235. 

Angeles Quijano, M., Gutierrez, A. M., Perez Conde, M. C., and Camara, C. (1995). Optimization of flow injection hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of selenium in water and serum samples./A no/. Al. Spectrom. 10(10), 871. 

---