Summary of Acid-Base Calculations

Region before the equivalence point. This may or may not be buffered. The solution is buffered in this region if the substance being titrated is a weak acid or weak base. A 1 1 buffer is ereated halfwey to the equivalenee point. At this halfway point of a weak aeid/strong base titration, the pi of the weak aeid is equal to the observed pH. At the half-way point of a weak base/strong aeid titration, the pAb of the weak base is equal to the observed pOH (or 14 - observed pH). 

Equivalence point. Its location depends on the concentrations of the acid and the base solutions its pH depends on the strengths of the acid and base. 

Region beyond the equivalence point. This becomes nearly flat as more and more excess reactant is added. We often calculate only one or two points in this region. 

Recognizing the four regions of a titration curve allows you to decide which kind of calculation is required. 

In this and the previous chapter, we have discussed several different types of acidic or basic solutions. Table 19-7 summarizes those many different types of solutions. 

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Summary of Acid-Base Calculations A Review of Our Understanding of Nonneutral Aqueous Solutions... 

Acid-Base Equilibrium Calculations A Summary— As a general summary of acid-base equilibrium calculations, the essential factors are identifying all the species in solution, their concentrations, the possible reactions between them, and the stoichiometry and equilibrium constants of those reactions. 

The J(CIN) coupling constant in the HCh pyridine complex has been studied in Ref. by means of a methodology similar to the one employed for the ClH- -NHs complex °. The conclusions are basically the same as for the CIH- - - NH3 complex, with an additional advantage of being partly supported by the experimental NMR measurements for this complex A summary of the CCSD calculations of the spin-spin coupling constants in acid-base pairs is presented in Ref. 

All computations are based on the data bank of variable region sequences (Kabat et al., 1976b) aligned for maximum homology and for which variability was calculated. Several representative examples and a summary of the findings will be given, and the complete analysis can be found in Kabat et al. 1977). Table VI shows the distribution of the 20 amino acids and Asx and Glx at various positions in the CDR of the light and heavy chains, their frequency of occurrence in each CDR. Some unusual distributions are evident. These are indicated by boxes. 

We first write the balanced equation for the acid-base reaction and then construct the reaction summary that shows the amounts (moles) of HCl and NaOH. We determine the amount of salt formed from the reaction summary. The final (total) volume is the sum of the volumes mixed. Then we calculate the molarity of the salt. 

The cake analysis was corrected for the amount of adipic acid calculated to have been associated with the water in the wet cake based on weight percent solids in the cake and the measured concentration of adipic acid in the slurry liquor. A summary of test results is given in Table IV. 

Figure 25.5 (a) Starting sequence in phage-display-based affinity optimization with a summary of variations found at least twice in the 32 selected phage sequences (numbers indicate frequency of occurrence), (b) A series of stapled peptide sequences (varied amino acids highlighted in black) including their dissociation constant (Kq) with p-catenin, overall charge (calculated with Marvin 5.2.3, 2009,... 

In this chapter we are going to summarize recent quantum-chemical studies on the interactions of complexes of nucleic acid bases. Interactions of bases substantially influence structure and function of nucleic acids, and their comprehensive quantum chemical characterization represents one of the most successful applications of quantum chemistry to biomolecules so far. The review starts with a brief summary of published papers, then it continues by describing the most important methodological aspects of the calculations, and finally summarizes selected recent results obtained in the laboratories of the authors. 

Solutions of Salts of Polyprotic Acids 17-6 Acid-Base Equilibrium Calculations A Summary... 

In summary, the calculation of the pH at a given point in the titration of a weak acid by a strong base is typically divided into two parts. 

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