Calculations Summary

We have learned four formulas in this section that can be used for the interconversion of [H+], [OH ], pH, and pOH. Given one of these four 

One path for this is to calculate the pOH and then subtract from 14.00. 

Another path is to calculate [H+] using the K expression and then take the negative logarithm. 

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Correlations for Convective Heat Transfer. In the design or sizing of a heat exchanger, the heat-transfer coefficients on the inner and outer walls of the tube and the friction coefficient in the tube must be calculated. Summaries of the various correlations for convective heat-transfer coefficients for internal and external flows are given in Tables 3 and 4, respectively, in terms of the Nusselt number. In addition, the friction coefficient is given for the deterrnination of the pumping requirement. 

The four temperatures at which the integrands are evaluated for the Chebyshev integration are found with Eq. (9.34) and tabulated in the calculation summary following. 

The number of transfer units is sensitive to the value of L/G, but the effect of k lkf, is more modest, at least over the high range used data for this ratio do not appear to be prominently recorded. Figure 9.16 shows a wide range of heights of transfer units for the different kinds of packings, here characterized by the surface a, (sqft/cuft) and substantial variation with L/G. The last line of the calculation summary shows variation of the tower height with L/G. 

Table 15.6. Calculation Summary for the Elements Phosphorus, Silicon, Barium, Calcium., Sulfur, and Sodium...

Because the total number of iterations is the product of the variability and uncertainty iterations, a 2D Monte-Carlo procedure is very calculation intensive. Even with longer calculation times, fewer iterations will generally be performed for each dimension than for a ID simulation - with a concomitant decrease in the reliability of the estimates at the tails. The results of a 2D simulation will be a 2D array, rather than a ID array. In order to reduce the number of values that need to be stored, it may be desirable to calculate summary statistics for each variability distribution as the simulation progresses. 

Calculate summary statistics of the function of interest in each virtual study, i.e., quantiles, mean, and median. 

As illustrated in Figure 20.14, when people give personal testimony, the presentation is more useful than a statistical analysis. We should probably spend less time calculating summary injury statistics and more time eliminating the barriers to the personal reporting and analysis of safety-related incidents—from near hits and first-aid cases to lost-time injuries. 

From the initial cohort of 318 subjects a total of 211 remained in the study as at the completion of collection of 4-year data. From the second cohort of 123 children a total of 117 remained as at the completion of collection of the 12-month data. In addition to calculating summary statistics, preliminary regression analyses have been conducted to assess relationships between measures of physical and neuropsychological development and PbB or the other above-mentioned types of potentially confounding covariates. 

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