Sulfur dioxide oxidation application

APPLICATION OF PERIODIC OPERATION TO SULFUR DIOXIDE OXIDATION... 

Peter L. Silverston, Li Chengyue, Yuan Wei-Kang, Application of Periodic Operation to Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation... 

In addition to the prevention or minimization of the release of the prescribed substances, the following substances should be considered in each application and authorization Particulate matter Carbon monoxide Hydrogen chloride Sulfur dioxide Oxides of nitrogen Lead and its compounds Cadmium and its compounds Mercury and its compounds Organic chemicals (trace amounts)... 

The reverse-flow chemical reactor (RFR) has been shown to be a potentially effective technique for many industrial chemical processes, including oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as propane, propylene, and carbon monoxide removal of nitrogen oxides sulfur dioxide oxidation or reduction production of synthesis gas methanol formation and ethylbenzene dehydration into styrene. An excellent introductory article in the topic is given by Eigenberger and Nieken on the effect of the kinetic reaction parameters, reactor size, and operating parameters on RFR performance. A detailed review that summarizes the applications and theory of RFR operation is given by Matros and Bunimovich. 

We must be able to hold a range of scenarios with regard to each possible application. Advanced fossil-fuel technologies, especially coal-based ones, must be able to meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements for critical air pollutants (sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen), as well as other environmental issues (such as liquid and solid waste), and still remain cost competitive with other fossil fuels, especially natural gas [73]. 

Iron modified zeolites and ordered mesoporous oxides have been studied as catalysts for the sulfur dioxide oxidation in sulfur rich gases. Both zeolitic materials and mesoporous oxides show very good activity in this reaction. Other than solid state or incipient wetness loaded MCM-41 materials, the zeolites do not show an initial loss of activity. However, they loose activity upon prolonged exposure to reaction conditions around 700°C. The zeolitic samples were analyzed via X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the deactivation could be related to removal of iron from framework sites to result in the formation of hematite-like species. If the iron can be stabilized in the framework, these materials could be an interesting alternative to other iron based catalysts for the commercial application in sulfur rich gases. 

TRS Converter To measure hydrogen sulfide and reduced-organic sulfur compounds, the technique used is thermal oxidation, in which sulfur dioxide is produced. Hydrogen sulfide and other reduced-sulfur compounds are measured by using methods applicable to the measurement of sulfur dioxide concentrations. One method is a technique based on ultraviolet fluorescence. 

The oxidizing power of the catalytic sulfite ion/02 systems was utilized in oxidative cleavage of DNA (118-121), in an analytical application for the determination of sulfur dioxide in air (122) and in developing a luminescent probe for measuring oxygen uptake (123). 

Sulfur dioxide removal processes can be used to treat flue gas from industrial boilers, heaters, or other process gases where sulfur compounds are oxidized. These processes have generally been proven in utility applications. More recently, several industrial SO2 removal installations have been completed. 

Lead dioxide is an oxidizing agent as well as a source of oxygen. It has many industrial applications. When heated with sulfur, the sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide producing lead sulfate ... 

Hoffmann, M. R., and D. J. Jacob, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Catalytic Oxidation of Dissolved Sulfur Dioxide in Aqueous Solution An Application to Nighttime Fog Water Chemistry, in SO2, NO, and N02 Oxidation Mechanisms Atmospheric Considerations, Acid Precipitation Series, Vol. 3, pp. 101-172 (J. I. Teasley, Series Ed.), Butterworth, Stoneham, MA, 1984. 

Another sulfur dioxide application in oil refining is as a selective extraction solvent in the Edeleanu process (323), wherein aromatic components are extracted from a kerosene stream by sulfur dioxide, leaving a purified stream of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons which are relatively insoluble in sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide acts as a cocatalyst or catalyst modifier in certain processes for oxidation of 0-xylene or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (324,325). 

The gas stream containing sulfur dioxide is either dried before passing to the catalytic oxidation step, or is oxidized in the presence of water vapor with subsequent acid condensation and removal. When acid is produced from elemental sulfur, the air used for sulfur burning is predried. In all cases, typical plant designs use sulfuric acid from the process as a drying agent. Wet catalytic oxidation is relatively uncommon. Some applications of Haldor Topsme s WSA-2 wet gas catalysis process are described in the literature (97). 

R.J. Walker, C.J. Drummond and J.M. Ekmann, Evaluation of Advanced Separation Techniques for Application to Flue Gas Cleanup Processes for the Simultaneous Removal of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides, Department of Energy Report, DE85102227 (May, 1985). 

Satriana (2) provides a summary of the development of flue gas treatment technology. The first commercial application of flue gas scrubbing for sulfur dioxide control was at the Battersea-A Power Station [228 MW(e)] in London, England, in 1933. The process used a packed spray tower with a tail-end alkaline wash to remove 90 percent of the sulfur dioxide and particulates. Alkaline water from the Thames River provided most of the alkali for absorption. The scrubber effluent was discharged back into the Thames River after oxidation and settling. A similar process was also operated at the Battersea-B Power Station [245 MW(e)] beginning in 1949. The Battersea-B system operated successfully until 1969, when desulfurization efforts were suspended due to adverse effects on Thames River water quality. The Battersea-A system continued until 1975, when the station was closed. 

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