Miscellaneous Sulfur Compounds

Part A Reactions with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene. Transformations of Alkynes. Transformations of Ketones. Phenolic Oxidation. Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds. Transfomration of Sulfur Compounds. Miscellaneous Transformations. 

Other miscellaneous compounds that have been used as inhibitors are sulfur and certain sulfur compounds (qv), picryUiydrazyl derivatives, carbon black, and a number of soluble transition-metal salts (151). Both inhibition and acceleration have been reported for styrene polymerized in the presence of oxygen. The complexity of this system has been clearly demonstrated (152). The key reaction is the alternating copolymerization of styrene with oxygen to produce a polyperoxide, which at above 100°C decomposes to initiating alkoxy radicals. Therefore, depending on the temperature, oxygen can inhibit or accelerate the rate of polymerization. 

Table 27. organosilane reduction of miscellaneous sulfur compounds... 

Supplemental References for Table 27. Organosilane Reduction of Miscellaneous Sulfur Compounds... 

Table 6.2 shows the important applications of sodium hydroxide. Direct applications can be further broken down into pulp and paper (24%), soaps and detergents (10%), alumina (6%), petroleum (7%), textiles (5%), water treatment (5%), and miscellaneous (43%). Organic chemicals manufactured with sodium hydroxide are propylene oxide (23%), polycarbonate (5%), ethyleneamines (3%), epoxy resins (3%), and miscellaneous (66%). Inorganic chemicals manufactured are sodium and calcium hypochlorite (24%), sodium cyanide (10%), sulfur compounds (14%), and miscellaneous (52%). As you can see from the number of applications listed, and still the high percentages of miscellaneous uses, sodium hydroxide has a very diverse use profile. It is the chief industrial alkali. 

In addition to the miscellaneous inorganic sulfur compounds listed in Table 11.4, four sulfur compounds were discussed separately for their toxicities. Of these, which is the most toxic What is its mode of toxicity ... 

In addition to the abovementioned thermodynamic data prepared by the API Project 48 and the thermodynamic values of the sulfur compounds given in API Project 44 82, 102), and data from other miscellaneous sources 99, 109), a valuable summary of the available or readily calculated thermodynamic properties of sulfur compounds of... 

Miscellaneous Methods for Manufacture of Sulfur Compounds. The current trend toward synthetic detergents and the fact that sulfonic acids have been found to possess many attributes desirable for a detergent has led to the development of hydrocarbons which upon sulfonation yield a superior type of detergent. One of the most satisfactory types of product for general household application is the alkyl aryl sulfonates. This field is adequately discussed by Griesinger and Nevison... 

A breakdown of processes causing the release of S02 from anthropogenic sources is shown in Table 10-8. The combustion of coal now contributes 60% to all such emissions, that of petroleum and its products 28%, and the smelting of nonferrous ores as well as miscellaneous industrial processes take up the remainder. Individual emission estimates are derived as usual by combining statistical production data with emission factors. Fossil fuels contain sulfur primarily in the form of organic sulfur compounds. Combustion turns them into S02, which is vented with the flue gases. The ashes retain very little sulfur, so that emission factors for coals correspond closely... 

MISCELLANEOUS. Sodium hydride, particularly as the dispersion, is effective for removing the last traces of water, alcohols, oxygen, and some sulfur compounds from solvents and certain gases. It reacts with ammonia to form sodium amide, with carbon oxides to form products including formate and oxalate, and with sulfur dioxide to form sodium hydrosulflte. Smalley (52) has tried it for the desulfurization of iron and steel. Its advantage over sodium metal for these reactions is that it holds its fine particle size and reactive surface up to 400 °C., while sodium melts and coalesces at 100°C. unless continually redispersed. 

Miscellaneous capping agents X are used for LRP. Examples are listed in Scheme 2. They include sulfur compounds (Schemes 2(a) and 2(e) ) stable nitroxides... 

Miscellaneous capping agents X are used for LRP. Examples are listed in Scheme 7.2. They include sulfur compounds (Schemes 7.2a and 7.2g), stable nitroxides (7.2b),stable nitrogen and carbon compounds (7.2c),transition metal complexes (7.2d), iodine (7.2e), halogens with transition metal catalysts (7.2f), and tellurium, stibine, and bismuth compounds (7.2h)." ... 

Chapter 6 Miscellaneous crown type compounds, including acetals, and compounds containing sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, etc. Polymeric species are included here and in chapter three. 

Photochemical elimination reactions include all those photoinduced reactions resulting in the loss of one or more fragments from the excited molecule. Loss of carbon monoxide from type I or a-cleavage of carbonyl compounds has been previously considered in Chapter 3. Other types of photoeliminations, to be discussed here, include loss of molecular nitrogen from azo, diazo, and azido compounds, loss of nitric oxide from organic nitrites, and loss of sulfur dioxide and other miscellaneous species. 

A variety of miscellaneous derivatives of gulonolactone has been reported. Linn treated D-glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone (7) with chlorobenzene and aluminum trichloride in order to obtain115 6-deoxy-6,6-diphenyl-L-gulonic acid (70). Various related compounds were also prepared. When 7 was treated with sulfur dioxide and 2-(isonicotin-oyl)hydrazine in water, 6-deoxy-6-(2-isonicotinoylhydrazino)-6-sulfo-D-gulono-1,4-lactone (71) was formed in 81% yield.116,117 Kawabata... 

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