Sulfonated poly copolymers synthesis

Robeson and Matzner were the first to report the synthesis of the sulfonation of DCDPS.205 This work makes it possible to synthesize sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with well-controlled structures. Ueda et al. used this monomer (Scheme 6.27) as a comonomer of DCDPS to react with bisphenol A and high-molecular-weight bisphenol-A-based copolymers with up to 30 mol % sulfonation achieved.206 Biphenol-based copolymers with up to 100 mol % sulfonation were recently reported by Wang et al.207... 

Polyether-PA segmented copolymers, synthesizing, 191-192 Polyether polyols, 200, 205, 211-212 synthesis of, 223, 224 Poly(ether sulfone) (PES), 327. See also Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Poly(phenylene ether sulfone) chains Sulfonated poly (ary lene ether sulfone)... 

An example for the synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) - aromatic poly(ether-sulfone) - poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-pheny-lene oxide) ABA triblock copolymer is presented in Scheme 6. Quantitative etherification of the two polymer chain ends has been accomplished under mild reaction conditions detailed elsewhere(11). Figure 4 presents the 200 MHz Ir-NMR spectra of the co-(2,6-dimethyl-phenol) poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide), of the 01, w-di(chloroally) aromatic polyether sulfone and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymers as convincing evidence for the quantitative reaction of the parent pol3rmers chain ends. Additional evidence for the very clean synthetic procedure comes from the gel permeation chromatograms of the two starting oligomers and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymer presented in Figure 5. 

Direct copolymerization techniques have also been employed in the s)m-thesis of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketones),i i polyimides, i 5 and poly(benzoimidazoles). The synthesis of random disulfonated biphenol poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (BPSH x where x represents the percentage of disulfonated diphenylsulfone moieties in the polymer versus unsulfonated diphenylsulfone moities) (14) is shown in Scheme 3.5. 

Shi, Z. Q., and Holdcroft, S. 2005. Synthesis and proton conductivity of partially sulfonated poly([vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene]-b-styrene) block copolymers. Macromolecules 38 4193-4201. 

Novel approaches in PEM synthesis focusing on cheaper, usually fluorine-free PEMs and membranes capable of sustained fuel cell operation at elevated temperatures, have been reviewed in Ref. 75. Mature fuel cell membranes have been casted from sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH) random (statistical) copolymers [76]. 

Y. Li, F. Wang, J. Yang, D. Liu, A. Roy, S. Case, J. Lesko, and J. E. McGrath. Synthesis and characterization of controlled molecular weight di-sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers and their applications to proton exchange membranes. Polymer, 47(11) 4210-4217, May 2006. 

B. Bae, K. Miyatake, M. Watanabe, Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) multiblock copolymers with highly sulfonated block. Synthesis and properties. Macromolecules 2010,43(6), 2684-2691. 

Bisphenol Structure on the Direct Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether) Copolymers. 1. Journal ofPdymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry 41 (2003) 2264-2276. 

Jang H, Islam MM, Lim Y, Lee S, Hossain MA, Hong T, et al. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated cardo based poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers for proton exchange membrane. Solid State Ionics 2013. 

Kim DS, Shin KH, Park HB, Chung YS, Nam SY, Lee YM. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers containing carboxyl groups for direct... 

M.H. Jeong, K.S. Lee, J.S. Lee, Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers containing cross-linking moiety, J. Memb. Sci. 337 (1-2) (2009) 145-152. 

A.K. Mohanty, E.A. Mistri, S. Banerjee, H. Komber, B. Voit, Highly fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers synthesis and evaluation of proton exchange membrane properties, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (8)(2013) 2772-2783. 

W. Guo, X. Li, H. Wang, J. Pang, G. Wang, Z. Jiang, S. Zhang, Synthesis of branched sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) copolymers and their proton exchange membrane properties, J. Memb. Sci. 444 (2013) 259-267. 

Abstract During the last two decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop alternative hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membranes to overcome the drawbacks of the current widely used perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion. This chapter presents an overview of the synthesis, chemical properties, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications of new proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether ether ketone) polymers and copolymers. 

At present, many sulfonated derivatives of polymers such as poly(ether ether ketone), polysulfone, poly (ary lene ether snlfone), poly(styrene), and polyCphenylene sulfide) have been developed for fnel cells [10-14], More recently, the synthesis of sulfonated poly(arylene ether snlfone) and/or snlfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s copolymers by direct copolymerization of biphenol, disnlfonated-activated aromatic halide monomers, and the precnrsor—activated aromatic halide monomer for fnel cell membrane applications— were carried ont [12,15],... 

W. L. Harrison, Ph.D. Thesis, Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) copolymers via direct copolymerization candidates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA, 2002. 

Scheme 6.3 Synthesis of sulfonated poly(arylenethioethersulfone) copolymers...

F. Wang, M. Hickner, Q. Ji, W. Harrison, J. Mecham, T. Zawodzinski, J. E. McGrath, Synthesis of highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random (statistical) copolymers via direct polymerization, Macromol. Symp. 175(1), 387-396 (2001). 

Wiles, K.B., Wang, F., McGrath, J.E. (2005) Directly copolymerized poly(arylene sulfide sulfone) disulfonated copolymers for PEM-based fuel cell systems. 1. Synthesis and characterization. Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, 43, 2964-2976. 

Influence of the bisphenol structure on the direct synthesis of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 41, 2264. 

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