Substances in Tables

K = Specific heat ratio, at inlet conditions given for some substances in Table 1. Note Published values of K at 15 °C and one atmosphere may be used. If K is unknown, a conservative value of K = 1.001 may be used, in which case the factor C = 315. Note that a correction for non-ideal gases may be necessary. 

This prediction is fulfilled by all the values in Table 9 in every case the value of — kT nK increases throughout the range covered by experiment. Having established this fact, the next step is to look at the rate at which the values of J increase with rise of temperature. For most of the substances in Table 9 values of K are available at 20 and at 40°C. Let us then calculate the values of J at these two temperatures and by subtraction find in each case the increment in J over this range of temperature. From what has been said above we know that we expect the increment in J to depend on whether the proton transfer belongs to class... 

In contrast with water, methanol, ammonia, and other substances in Table 2.1, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, and benzene have zero dipole moments. Because of the symmetrical structures of these molecules, the individual bond polarities and lone-pair contributions exactly cancel. 

The pharmaceutical substances in Table 8.1, can be assayed by direct titration with silver nitrate using a suitable indicator. 

Submission of data on licit trade in, uses of and requirements for substances in Tables I and 11 of the 1988 Convention... 

All of the major manufacturing and exporting countries have continued to provide comprehensive information on exports of substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention. For 2003, Brazil has resumed reporting on exports of scheduled substances, notably potassium permanganate. As noted in paragraph 21 above, Canada and China, major traders in precursor chemicals, are now reporting their exports to the Board. 

The Board is pleased to note that the number of parties that have already invoked article 12, paragraph 10 (a), of the 1988 Convention, continues to grow. Since the report of the Board for 2003 on the implementation of article 12 was issued, the Government of Egypt has requested to receive preexport notifications for all substances in Table I and acetone, and the request of the European Commission on behalf of the States members of the European Union for pre-export notifications for all substances in Table I of 19 May 2000 has been extended to the 10 new States upon their accession to the European Union on 1 May 2004. 

The Board notes with appreciation that the Governments of many of the major exporting countries and trans-shipment points routinely provide pre-export notifications for exports of substances in Table I, irrespective of whether they have been requested formally under article 12, paragraph 10 (a), and a number of Governments are already in a position to do so for substances in Table II. 

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Costa Rica, Peru and the United Republic of Tanzania, have tightened their existing precursor control legislation since the report for 2003 on the implementation of article 12 was issued, while other States, including Jordan and Mexico, are currently in the process of doing so. In Canada, the final phase of the establishment of a comprehensive new regulatory framework for precursor control was completed by January 2004, so that appropriate controls are now in place over all substances in Tables I and II. 

The majority of those countries apply the requirement of import and export authorizations at least over some precursor chemicals, and about 60 countries and territories are controlling the imports and exports of all 23 substances in Tables I and II. Moreover, 49 countries and territories have informed the Board of controls applied to a total of 155 substances currently not in Tables I or II of the 1988 Convention. 

Seizures of all of the substances in Tables I and II, with the exception of isosafrole and piperonal, both substances used in the illicit manufacture of MDMA (Ecstasy), have been reported for 2003 by 43 Governments, and seizures of 65 non-controlled chemicals have been reported by 22 Governments. As the information relating to non-controlled substances is essential to the revision of the adequacy and propriety of the current lists of substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, as well as to the maintenance of the limited international special surveillance list of non-scheduled substances, the Board encourages Governments to ensure that mechanisms are in place to record information on all chemicals found to be used in the illicit manufacture of drugs and not only those scheduled under the 1988 Convention. 

Seizures of substances in Table I of the 1988 Convention, as reported to the International Narcotics Control Board... 

Governments of the countries and territories listed in the table below have provided on form D information on licit trade in, uses of and requirements for substances in Tables I and II of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 for the years 1999-2003. That information was requested in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1995/20 of 24 July 1995. Details may be made available on a case-by-case basis, subject to confidentiality of data. 

Governments may wish to note the possibility of requesting that a pre-export notification for all substances in Table II of the 1988 Convention be sent as well. 

Knowledge of the most common licit uses of substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, including the processes and end products in which the substances may be used, is essential to the verification of the legitimacy of orders or shipments. The most common licit uses of those substances reported to the International Narcotics Control Board are as follows ... 

It is important to be able to relate the seizures of precursor chemicals and their prevented diversion into the illicit traffic to those drugs for the illicit manufacture of which they could have been used. To that end, annexes VI and VII contain information on the substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention and on their typical use in the illicit manufacture of drugs. Information on the licit uses of the precursor chemicals is included in annex VIII. To assist the competent authorities in ensuring that their national legislation is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the 1988 Convention, those provisions are included in annex IX. 

There are very few substances in table 6.9 to generate associations and trends. When a substance is being considered for a product, inertness in the atmosphere can indicate a long lifetime, and absorption lines in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 p.m would be indications of potential problems. 

The reduction potential increases moving up the table. This means that substances near the top of the table are more likely to be reduced (are better oxidizing agents) and substances near the bottom are more likely to be oxidized (are better reducing agents). The substances in Table 14.2 correspond to the previous listing of how easily substances are oxidized. When two substances in Table 14.2 take part in a redox reaction, the one higher in the table is the substance that is reduced. 

Calculation of the composite risk index for the purpose of waste classification based on the simplified Equation 6.8 is illustrated using the hypothetical data given in Table 6.1. Consistent with the form of the risk index in Equations 6.3 and 6.8, risk indexes for individual hazardous substances in Table 6.1 are expressed as the ratio of a... 

Stochastic Risk Index for Hazardous Chemical Constituents. Calculation of the risk index for all hazardous chemicals in the waste that cause stochastic effects is performed in the same manner as in the previous examples for radioactive wastes. The calculated risk for each such substance, based on the assumed exposure scenario, is summed and then divided by the acceptable lifetime risk of 10 3 for classification as low-hazard waste (see Table 7.1). The risk for each chemical is calculated by multiplying the arithmetic mean of the concentration in the waste given in Table 7.5 by the intake rate from ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption per unit concentration discussed in Section 7.1.7.3 and 10 percent of the appropriate slope factor in Table 7.7 (see Section 7.1.7.1) adjusted for the exposure time. Since the slope factors assume chronic lifetime exposure, they must be reduced by a factor of 70 based on the assumption that the exposure scenario at the hazardous waste site occurs only once over an individual s lifetime. In addition, a simplifying assumption is made that whenever more than one slope factor is given for a hazardous substance in Table 7.7, the higher value was applied to the total intake rate by all routes of exposure of about 4 X 10 8 mg (kg d) 1 per ppm. This assumption should be conservative. 

Note that Gibbs free energy is listed as a single entry for each substance in Table 16-1, but entropy must be calculated by taking the difference of the tabulated absolute entropies of the substance and its elements from which it is made. 

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