Submergence tolerance

Setter TL, Ellis M, Lameles EV, Ella ES, Senadhira D, Mishra SB, Sarkarung S, Datta S. 1997. Physiology and genetics of submergence tolerance in rice. Annals of Botany 79 67-77. 

Xia says, I came from the north, from the county government seat near Mount Huangshan. This is a very famous place. It is known for its many cliffs, pine trees, and hot springs. We then moved to Wuhan, China, where Kenong received his M.S. in agronomy. That is where our first son was born, and also where we learned about Professor Dave Mackill who was working on rice submergence tolerance. ... 

Submergence tolerance A trait that allows young rice plants to withstand or tolerate 1—2 weeks of submergence. 

Dey, M. M., and H. K. Upadhyaya. 1996. Yield loss due to drought, cold and submergence tolerance. In R. E. Evenson, R. W. Herdt, and M. Hossain, (eds.). Rice Research in Asia Progress and Priorities. UK International Rice Research Institute in collaboration with CAB International. 

Xu, Kenong, XiaXu, Takeshi Fukao, Patrick Canlas, Sigrid Heuer, Julia Bailey-Serres, Abdel Ismail, P. C. Ronald, and David J. Mackill. 2006. SubiA encodes an ethylene responsive-like factor that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature 442 705—708. 

Xu, K., Xu, X., Fukao, T. et al. (2006) SublA is tm ethylene-response-factor-Uke gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature, 442,705-708. 

Subjects first underwent a baseline trial of the cold-pressor pain task (Hilgard etal. 1974), which requires them to submerge their forearms into a chest of circulating cold water until they can no longer tolerate it. Subjects then pedalled an exercycle for one minute, which was followed by the information about heart types, life expectancy, and tolerance shifts. Subjects then repeated the cold-pressor task to their tolerance threshold in the presence of a second blind experimenter. Finally, subjects indicated on a questionnaire whether they believed... 

For the FR13A project, marker-assisted breeding was very helpful because researchers could screen for the best varieties in the lab, instead of having to flood a rice field four feet deep to see if the offspring tolerate submergence, thus saving a lot of time and labor. 

As Raoul knows, this of course is not the case for the vast majority of farmers on the Earth, where tolerance to environmental fluctuations such as cold, salt, or submergence can mean the difference between eating or not. Traits such as these are the most difficult to address using standard breeding approaches. In the future, this is where genetic engineering will likely have the most significant human impact. There are already examples of GE plants that can tolerate very cold temperatures (Thomashow 2001). 

Africa. Asian cultivated rice evolved into three eco-geographical types, Indica, Japonica, and Javanica. It is estimated that about 120,000 distinct rice varieties exist in the world, which differ from one another in terms of growth duration, endosperm traits, level of tolerance to coldness, or other abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, and submergence), as well as resistance to diseases and pests. In some countries, varieties are classified also according to the season in which they grow [1]. 

Halophilic yeasts were isolated from the Antarctic lake, Don Juan. Halo-tolerant yeast species, Debaryomyces hansenii, and osmotolerant Saccha-romyces rouxii are known. A hyphomycete, Cladosporium sp., was found to grow in wood panels submerged in north-end water from the Great Salt Lake. Because of the extensive development and the fact that the salinity remained at 29% or higher, it seems clear that this fungus developed under extremely halophilic conditions [62]. 

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