Ethylene response factors

Berrocal-Lobo, M., Molina, A.A., and Solano, R. (2002). Constitutive expression of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR 1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi, Plant J., 29,23-32. 

Xu, K., Xu, X., Fukao, T. et al. (2006) SublA is tm ethylene-response-factor-Uke gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature, 442,705-708. 

Yang et al. (2011) have demonstrated that ABA signaling is involved in governing the accumulation of TAG in Arabidopsis leaves and that ABM is required for activation of DGATl expression during nitrogen deficiency. ABM encodes an activator protein-2/ethylene-responsive factor transcription factor... 

Surfactants are separated according to adsorption or partitioning differences with a polar stationary phase in NPLC. This retention of the polar surfactant moiety allows for the separation of the ethylene oxide distribution. Of all the NPLC packings that have been utilized to separate nonionic surfactants, the aminopropyl-bonded stationary phases have been shown to give the best resolution (Jandera et al., 1990). The separation of the octylphenol ethoxylate oligomers on an amino silica column is shown in Fig. 18.4. Similar to the capabilities of CE for ionic surfactants, the ethylene oxide distribution can be quantitatively determined by NPLC if identity and response factors for each oligomer are known. 

The quantification of short-chain metabolites from nonylphenol ethoxy-lates (NPEOs) has been carried out in different ways because of the lack of individual standards. Thus, several authors have employed commercial mixtures with low ethoxylation degree and assuming similar molar response factors, such as Marlophen 83 with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) [1-5], Imbentin-N/7A, a mixture of NPEOi and NPEO2 (75 25) [6-11] or a mixture of miscellaneous origin [12,13], to quantify NPEOi and NPEO2. 

Ebfl/Ebf2 A. thiana EIN3 Transcription factor in ethylene response... 

In plants, DREB/ERF and AP2/ERF subfamily of ethylene-responsive element (GCC box)-binding transcription factors function in the regulation of abiotic stress responses and regulate disease resistance. AP2/ERF members are downstream components of both ethylene and JA signaling pathways, and are key to the... 

Xu, Kenong, XiaXu, Takeshi Fukao, Patrick Canlas, Sigrid Heuer, Julia Bailey-Serres, Abdel Ismail, P. C. Ronald, and David J. Mackill. 2006. SubiA encodes an ethylene responsive-like factor that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature 442 705—708. 

Quantitative results were obtained using response factors determined with n-nonane internal standard. Peak areas were measured with a K and E planimeter. The low boiling fractions, i.e., methane, ethane, ethylene, isobutane, neopentane and neohexane were identified by authentic samples with a 4 x 1/8" Porapak Q Column. Preparative gas chromatography was carried out with a 6 x 1/4" Apiezon L Column. 

The effectiveness of thermoplastic polymers and, hence, the resulting characteristic properties of the modified bitumen depend on the type and quantity used, the chemical composition of the bitumen and, to a lesser extent, the manner and duration of mixing. The crystalline structure of the ethylene, responsible for the provision of hardness, constitutes the determinant factor of the copolymer behaviour (Gilby 1985 Woolley 1986). 

This most useful technique has been applied to the liquid PEG 200, 300, and 400. Fletcher and Persinger [131] studied this application using PEG 200, 300, and 400 and reported the determination of response factors relative to ethylene glycol for conversion of peak areas to weight percent when a thermal conductivity detector was used. 

Several studies on irradiation of fruits and vegetables have been conducted to delay fruit ripeness, thus, their shelf life might be extended by few days to few weeks [1]. However in some horticultural crops gamma irradiation treatments initiated the climacteric ripeness sequences by inducing the preclimacteric fruits to produce stimulatory amount of ethylene [2]. Factors most likely to affect response of fruit and vegetables to irradiation may include type of fruit (climacteric or nonclimacteric), ripeness stage at expossure, dose of irradiation and post-treatment storage conditions. 

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