Subject cell-based

Kleinfeld (1980) reported a case of arsine poisoning in a 31-y-old man. The exposure to arsine occurred from a leaking canister thought to be empty. The exposure duration was estimated to be 1-2 min, but no actual or estimated arsine concentrations were available. The victim presented with hematuria. On hospital admission, no intact erythrocytes were present in the urine, hematocrit was 43%, and hemoglobin was 9.8 g/ dL. The hematocrit dropped to as low as 18%, the correction of which required one unit of packed cells. Based upon the exposure history and the subject s note of a "garlicky" odor, the diagnosis was arsine-induced hemolytic anemia. Urinary arsenic was 7.2 mg/L on admission and 0.1 mg/L 4 d later. The patient was subsequently discharged. 

The most obvious advantages of the oxygen cathode are that it has low weight and infinite capacity. Consequently, prototype D-size cells based on the zinc-air system have been shown to have twice the overall practical capacity of zinc-mercuric oxide cells (and 10 times that of a standard Leclanchd cell) when subjected to a continuous current drain of 250 mA. In the larger industrial cells, energy densities of up to 200 Wh/kg and specific capacities of 150 Ah/dm3 may be obtained. On the other hand, a catalytic surface must be provided for efficient charge transfer at the oxygen cathode, and by its nature the electrode is susceptible to concentration polarization. 

Essentially, this method is based on subjecting cell membranes to a short external electric field pulse of an intensity comparable to the electric field strength of the membrane 77). Under these conditions the membrane breaks down locally and becomes permeable. This process is reversible, i.e. the membrane reconstitutes its original properties in time intervals which can be experimentally controlled. 

In one of the first articles on this subject [8], the general analytical solution of Eq. (3) was derived. This general solution is easy to find, but it contains infinite series and (integration) constants that depend on the boundary conditions. Those were determined for the central cells of square and triangular arrays, using the boundary collocation method [8]. More recent publications on this subject are based mostly on complete numerical solution using finite-element methods. 

Fig. 5. Detection of apoptotic cells based on the presence of DNA strand breaks. U937 cells were untreated (A) or treated TNF-a in the presence of cycloheximide (B) (refs. 26,28). The cells were then subjected to DNA strand break labeling and DNA staining as described in the protocol. The bivariate distributions (scatterplots) allow one to identify apoptotic cells as the cells with DNA strand breaks, and reveal the cell-cycle position of cells in either apoptotic or nonapoptotic population.

Type I allergens are usually considered those macromolecules with the ability to induce specific IgE immune responses and to provoke allergic reactions in sensitized subjects. Antibody-based immunoassays are widely used for the measurement of specific major allergens in the air. Antibodies can originate from sensitized humans, animals (rabbits producing polyclonal antibodies) or fusions of myeloma cells and mouse spleen cells in culture producing monoclonal antibodies. Examples have been published using... 

Blood pressure can be regulated by receptor, enzyme, endogerous substance, and cell, such as bradykinin B2-receptor, ACE, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, and endothelia cell. Based on these facts, the human plasma assay [131], pulmonary hypertension assay [132], coronary arteries (CA) constriction assay [133], MCAO and HSPG assay [134], and temperature assay in awake subjects [135] are established. 

In a recent classification study, scaffolds taken from natural products were subjected to a two-step analysis in order to identify a diverse set of natural product scaffolds with preferred ADME-properties." Molecular diversity analysis and selection of natural product scaffolds were carried out using cell-based partitioning and the BCUT metrics." To approximate ADME parameters, rule-of-five " calculations were carried out. A set of about 50 natural product scaffolds fulfilled the desired diversity and ADME criteria. ... 

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