Strychnine lethal dose

V. poisonous, less so than Strychnine. Lethal dose to humans 200 mg. EH8925000. 

Strychnine A-oxide, 10 isostrychnine, 20 to 30 methylstrychnine, 100 strychnine methosulphate, 30 strychninic acid, 25 to 30 iso-strychninic acid, 30 to 35. Rats, mice, rabbits, cats, dogs and frogs were used, and the figures are comparative lethal doses for mammals. 

Today the toxic effect of silatranes has been thoroughly studied1-3,16-44a b The toxicity of silatranes varies greatly and is mainly dependent on the nature of substituents at the silicon atom. Most toxic of all known silatranes are 1-arylsila-tranes, 4-XC6H4Si(OCH2CH2)3N, where X = CH3, Cl, H (Table 1). These compounds are almost twice as toxic as such well-known poisons as strychnine and hydrocyanic acid. They produce an intensive stimulation of the motor and respiratory centres1-3,30-34,44,when administered at lower than lethal doses... 

Although Dendrobium species are much better known as ornamental plants and for their use in traditional medicine, their alkaloids, the dendrobines, are also convulsants (2). The effects of dendrobinium chloride intoxication resemble more those of strychnine intoxication than those of picrotoxinin intoxication (240). The minimal lethal dose (intravenous) in rats and mice is 20 mg/kg. The toxicity of the picrotoxanes is attributable to their ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier and to bind to inhibitory Cys-loop receptors of the postS3napses of the CNS. 

The easy availability of strychnine has led to some fatalities about 50 mg is a lethal dose. As early as the sixteenth century it was used as a rat poison in Germany, and it is still used for this purpose in some countries. 

Strychnine is extremely toxic with the lethal dose for an adult being about 50 to 100 mg when taken orally. When administered intravenously the lethal quantity is much smaller and the onset of symptoms is hastened considerably. In children, the fatal dose can be extrapolated pro-rata with body weight, but adverse reactions have been documented from doses as small as 2 mg. At the opposite extreme, prompt medical attention has enabled some people to survive doses many times larger than the normally lethal amount, the maximum so far recorded being about 3750 mg. As well as ingestion and injection, strychnine can also be absorbed across the skin and, if it is inhaled, across the lining of the lungs. 

The lethal dose in man is usually given as 30 mg, but half this quantity could prove fatal. Death usually occurs within a few hours and has been known to take place in as little as 15 minutes after a massive dose (101). The longer the patient survives the greater the chance of recovery. About 70% of the strychnine ingested is destroyed in the liver, most of the remainder being eliminated, mainly in the urine, within 24 hours. Strych-... 

Strychnine (1), the active component of a notorious arrow poison in Southeast Asia, has a mysterious history. [1] It is a convulsant blocking synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord by acting as an antagonist of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, glycine. [2] In therapeutic doses strychnine has a mildly analeptic effect in toxic doses it leads to uncoordinated tonic convulsions induced by acoustic, tactile, or optical stimuli. Paralysis of the respiratory organ results in death 100-300 mg is the lethal dose fiir an adult human. [2c]... 

Picrotoxinin, soluble in boiling water and alcohol, is highly toxic to fish. It stimulates the central nervous system and acts as a potent GABA antagonist (LDjo (mouse i.p.) 3 mg/kg]. The lethal dose for humans is about 20 mg picrotoxinin or 2-3 g of fishberries. In low doses P. has a similar analeptic activity as strychnine, in higher doses it induces convulsions. It is used as an antidote for barbiturate poisonings. On account of its very effective inhibition of presynaptic inhibitory mechanisms, P. is used in neurochemical research. Ut. Aust. J. Chem. 36, 2111, 2219 (1983) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101,5841 (1979) 111, 3728 (1989) ACS Symp. Ser.356, 44-70 (1987) Karrer, No. 3629ff. 

The table shows that potassium cyanide has about the same lethal dose as another infamous poison, stiychnine. Strychnine is also popular in detective stories, which may be caused by the fact that the action, although quite different from that of cyanide, is also very rapid and easy to recognize. Another important point in these stories is that strychnine is one of the most bitter substances known, which is important for the stories as it creates an opportunity for the writer to dwell on the question of how this characteristic taste was hidden from the victim. 

Strychnine is a very poisonous substance, and its lethal dose for humans is in the range of 0.03—0.1 g. Therefore, a single seed of vomica may be lethal. On the other hand, the toxicity ofbrucine is about 1/20 to 1/30 that of strychnine. As a symptom of strychnine toxicity, typical convulsions occur. This convulsion caused by strychinine is repeated by slightly stimulating the bodies of experimental animals. 

Toxicity of strychnine in humans, expressed as LDlo (lethal dose low), is approximately 30 mg/kg. Strychnine... 

Strychnine is a powerful poison (the lethal dose in animals is about 5-8 mg kg ), the lethal ingredient of many a detective novel. 

Strychnine No clinical uses since it is lethal at low doses present as an impurity in some recreational drugs produced in illicit laboratories its presence as a low-dose impurity of LSD tablets may generate alertness. 

The lethal oral dose in humans is probably around 100, but doses as low as 16 mg have reportedly been fatal whereas doses of 2 000 mg have been survived. After ingestion, effects usually occur within 10-30 minutes and include stiffness of the face and neck muscles and increased reflex excitability. Strychnine acts by altering nerve impulses in the spinal cord, resulting in a decreased threshold for stimulation, and, hence, a hyperexcitable state. Any sensory stimulus may produce a violent motor response that, in the early stages of intoxication, tends to be a coordinated extensor thrust and, in later stages, may be a tetanic convulsion with opisthotonos anoxia and cyanosis develop rapidly. Between convulsions, muscular relaxation is complete, breathing is resumed, and cyanosis lessens. Because sensation is unaffected, the convulsions are painful and lead to overwhelming fear. As many as 10 convulsions separated by intervals of 10-15 minutes may be experienced, but death often occurs after the second to fifth convulsion, and even the first convulsion may be fatal if sustained death is commonly due to asphyxia.If recovery occurs, it is remarkably prompt and complete despite the violence of the illness muscle soreness may persist for a number of days. ... 

Strychnine, a very poisonous alkaloid to animals, binds to glycine receptors. Applications of strychnine can be considered only in clinical doses. Their purpose is to activate neurotransmitters in the spinal cord, which is generally suppressed by glycine. Strychnine competes only with glycine in the receptor. This alkaloid may be used to stimulate respiration and circulation in cases of physical weakness. Moreover, strychnine products are used in the treatment of eye and optic nerve disorders. Larger doses are lethal. 

The hiunan health assessment for strychnine is based on the acute toxicity. Strychnine has been placed in Toxicity Category I, indicating the greatest degree of acute toxicity, for oral and ocular effects. It has been reported that the probable lethal oral dose is 1.5 to 2mg/kg (Gosselin et al, 1984). Inhalation toxicity is also presumed to be high. An oral dose of 1.5 to 2 mg/kg is equivalent to 70 to 93 mg/m exposure for 30 min for a 70 kg human being. 

In higher doses strychnine gives tonic convulsions, which could be lethal due to... 

Of course, much interest in strychnine centers on its pharmacological properties. It is a powerful convulsant, lethal to an adult human in a dose as small as 30 mg. Death comes from central respiratory failure and is preceded by violent convulsions. Strychnine is the deadly agent in many a murder story, real and imagined. One example is Sir Arthur Conan Doyle s Sherlock Holmes mystery, The Sign of the Four, in which Dr. Watson suggests the lethal agent to be a powerful vegetable alkaloid. .. some strychnine-like substance. ... 

Methyleugenol, a major constituent of sweet bay and California bay oils (at 4% and 5.4%, respectively), as well as a variety of West Indian bay and other species, has been reported to have sedative and narcotic properties in mice, producing sedation at low doses and reversible narcosis at higher doses it prevented the death of mice treated with lethal convulsant doses of strychnine. ... 

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