Structure-Function Considerations

Over the years, our laboratory has generated a library of analogues of in which backbone flexibility was 

Backbone flexibility was restricted by introducing three principal types of residue substitutions within 1) 

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Suppose we change our attention from structures in which the driver is functional consideration alone to something like an automobile where cost is also extremely important. We can get the functional job done with other materials, like steel and aluminum and fiberglass in certain places and unreinforced plastic in others. Then, the question becomes can we make a material substitution that will enable us to compete with the cost of these other materials to do a job that with all the other materials we cannot accomplish That is a different kind of question, and then cost becomes an extremely important driver. And, as cost of advanced composite structures goes down, we can expect to see more and more utilization of advanced composite materials. 

Intraspecies 3—An uncertainty factor of 3-fold was used, because the hemolytic response is likely to occur to a similar extent and with similar susceptibility in most individuals. This was based on the consideration that physiologic parameters (e.g., absorption, distribution, metabolism, structure of the erythrocyte and its response to arsine, and renal responses) are not likely to vary among individuals of the same species to such an extent that the response severity to arsine would be altered by an order of magnitude. Individual variability (i.e., variability in erythrocyte structure/ function or response of the kidney to hemolysis) ... 

The cloning, sequencing and expression of several transporter proteins, including that for 5-HT, has aided considerably in understanding structure/function relationships of transporter proteins [12]. The cDNA for the SERT isolated from rat brain predicts a protein containing... 

Several important concepts should be kept in mind while designing buildings for blast resistance. These concepts include energy absorption, safety factors, limit states, load combinations, resistance functions, structural performance considerations, and most importantly, redundancy. A design satisfying all required strength and performance criteria would be unsatisfactory without redundancy. 

In accordance with the provisions of the Dietary supplement Health and Education Act 1994, in the United States botanical dosage forms can be marketed as dietary supplements provided the label makes no medical claim however, structure-function claim is allowed. In most countries other than the United States, botanical preparations are regulated as drugs thus posing a different set of challenges. This fact must be taken into consideration in standard setting. 

The history of molecular biology has been a history of technological developments for determining the primary and tertiary structures of protein and nucleic acid molecules. Once the molecular structure is known, it provides clues to molecular functions. This is the principle of the structure-function relationship. Based on this principle the analysis of the amino acid sequence is performed to decipher the functional information from the sequence information. The analysis usually involves detection and prediction of empirical sequence—function relationships with additional consideration of known or predicted three-dimensional (3D) structures. Thus, the process can be represented schematically as ... 

Martial MA, Carlson SL, and Madara JL [1987] Partitioning of paracellular conductance along the ileal crypt-villus axis a hypothesis based on structural analysis with detailed consideration of tight junction-structure function relationships. J Membr Biol 80 59-70... 

Where Cz characterizes Xe-surface collisions and p, is the probability factor depending only on the particular structure under consideration. The importance of Eq. (27) lies in the fact that its various terms can be determined separately. For example, ds + SE is obtained by extrapolation of the plot of chemical shift to zero pressure. It is found that 8B is negligible in zeolites Na-Y and H-Y, possibly because of motional averaging of electric field effects on the large faujasite supercages, but it becomes important in alkaline earth-exchanged forms. Zeolites Ca-A, Na-X, Na-Y, H-Y Ca-Y, L, mordenite, and ZSM-5 have been studied using the method because of the aperture size, xenon is not sorbed on zeolite Na-A. In synthetic faujasites, the chemical shift is a linear function of pressure and varies between 58 to 110 ppm (from Xe gas... 

With the considerable evolution achieved in recent years in the elucidation of structure-function relationship of proteins, as well as in the areas of protein engineering and bioinformatics, many new developments are expected in the field of new-generation biopharmaceuticals. These will have significant advantages for patients, including lower immunogenicity, lower frequency of injections, and enhanced stability in serum. 

Norlen, L., The mammalian skin barrier structure, function, and formation considerations, in Skin, Hair, and Nails, Forslind, B. and Lindberg, M., Eds., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, 2004, p. 153. 

The innovative potential and the ingenuity which have gone into designing libraries, vectors and selection protocols are impressive. However, considerable input has come from structural modelling and design considerations, in the proliferation of phage-display scaffolds to provide constrained variable epitopes in different environments or contexts . In addition the method has been used to understand protein folding, protein-protein interactions and structure-function relationships in catalysis. I hope that, in this review,... 

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