Functional considerations

Suppose we change our attention from structures in which the driver is functional consideration alone to something like an automobile where cost is also extremely important. We can get the functional job done with other materials, like steel and aluminum and fiberglass in certain places and unreinforced plastic in others. Then, the question becomes can we make a material substitution that will enable us to compete with the cost of these other materials to do a job that with all the other materials we cannot accomplish That is a different kind of question, and then cost becomes an extremely important driver. And, as cost of advanced composite structures goes down, we can expect to see more and more utilization of advanced composite materials. 

Aschner M. 1998. Blood-brain barrier physiological and functional considerations. In Handbook of developmental neurotoxicology, p. 339-351. 

Dead space. Anatomical dead space is equal to the volume of the conducting airways. This is determined by the physical characteristics of the lungs because, by definition, these airways do not contain alveoli to participate in gas exchange. Alveolar dead space is the volume of air that enters unperfused alveoli. In other words, these alveoli receive airflow but no blood flow with no blood flow to the alveoli, gas exchange cannot take place. Therefore, alveolar dead space is based on functional considerations rather than anatomical factors. Healthy lungs have little or no alveolar dead space. Various pathological conditions, such as low cardiac output, may result in alveolar dead space. The anatomical dead space combined with the alveolar dead space is referred to as physiological dead space ... 

The treatment required for toxic megacolon includes general supportive measures to maintain vital functions, consideration for early surgical intervention, and antimicrobials. 

Occasionally, the rates of bimolecular reactions are observed to exhibit negative temperature dependencies, i.e., their rates decrease with increasing temperature. This counterintuitive situation can be explained via the transition state theory for reactions with no activation energy harriers that is, preexponential terms can exhibit negative temperature dependencies for polyatomic reactions as a consequence of partition function considerations (see, for example, Table 5.2 in Moore and Pearson, 1981). However, another plausible explanation involves the formation of a bound intermediate complex (Fontijn and Zellner, 1983 Mozurkewich and Benson, 1984). To... 

The cyclohexatriene molecule has a wave function considerably modified from that of benzene. The first few terms are shown in Table 15.11, where the two... 

Doehler K-D, Wong CC, von zur Muhlen A (1979) The rat as a model for the study of drug effects on thyroid function consideration of methodological problems. Pharmacol Ther B 5 305-18... 

Barnard, E.A., Lai, J., Pizzey, J. (1984). Synaptic and extra-synaptic forms of acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscles variation with fiber type and functional considerations. In... 

The target alkene should contain a relatively small, but at least an eight-membered, ring and preferentially it should have an even number of members. Conformational restrictions, i.e., additional E double bonds or lactone functionalities, considerably enhance diastereoselectivity, as do additional substitutions, especially at the E double bond(s). 

Primary pulmonary diseases (e.g. primary pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive respiratory diseases) cause chronic hepatic congestion due to chronic pulmonary heart disease, possibly leading to insufficiency. Hypoxaemia as a result of acute or chronic respiratory insufficiency can impair metabolic liver functions considerably. In 40—70% of patients with cirrhosis, hypoxaemia can be found in about 50% of cases with advanced cirrhosis, a reduced diffusion capacity for CO is detectable. Furthermore, pulmonary tissue contains a high level of glutamine synthetase, so that ammonia detoxification is possible (ultimately by perivenous hepatocytes) before the blood reaches the systemic circulation. In existing pulmonary diseases, localized ammonia detoxification is impaired. 

No one set of state functions is to be preferred over any other all physical predictions are ultimately independent of the particular choice, which is therefore merely a matter of convenience. A wise choice of state functions considerably simplifies the analysis, as we shall show. The differential forms are easily seen to be the following ... 

Electrodes apply the driving force for ion migration and are therefore critical components of the system. They serve as the bridge between the electric circuit and the two reservoirs, and perform both electrical and chemical functions. During iontophoretic therapy, electrodes undergo sustained electrochemical reactions and thus the migration of reactants is a critical functional consideration. In this aspect, electrodes used in iontophoretic devices are different from those of most other medical electrodes. For example, medical... 

Siebert, D. J., et al. (2004). Salvinorum A, an active component of the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum is a highly efficacious kappa-opioid receptor agonist Structural and functional considerations. The Journal of Pharmacolojfy and Ecperimetital Therapeuties, 508, 1197-1203. 

Sorenson RL, Garry DG, BreljeeTC (1991) Structural and functional considerations of GABA in islets of Langerhans. In Diabetes 40 1365-74. 

Wassle H, Boycott BB, filing RB. 1981a. Morphology and mosaic of on- and off-beta cells in the cat retina and some functional considerations. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 212 177-195. 

This approach is applied naturally by the chemist on the basis of his knowhow and/or intuition. Several models in the literature describe lumping operations carried out according to distillation cuts (Verma et al, 1996), structural considerations (Quann and Jaffe, 1992) or functional considerations (paraffins, olefins, nitrogenated or sulphurated molecules). Lumping, often based on the available analyses, considerably reduces the number of constituents and can be used to produce a kinetic model comprising few parameters. 

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