Structural adequacy

The overall structural adequacy of pavements is given in probabilistic terms of the present serviceability index developed from the AASHTO road test (17). This index, which is a measure of the momentary ability of a pavement to serve traffic, is based on such factors as rut depth, slope variance, cracking, and patching of the pavement. The relationship between serviceability index and these pavement distress modes is given by the AASHTO road test equation (16) ... 

The analyses for structural adequacy Identified that the thermal expansion or wind deflection of photovoltaic modules can result In the development of mechanical stresses In the encapsulated solar cells sufficient to cause cell breakage. The thermal stresses are developed from differences In the thermal expansion properties of the load carrying panel, and the solar cells. However, the analysis Interestingly Identlfed that the solar cell stresses from either thermal expansion differences or wind deflection can be reduced by Increasing the thickness t of the pottant, or by using pottants with lower Young s Modulus E. 

An area where savings may be possible with improved materials data is on evaluation of welded joints. The material properties of the complete weld joint, as opposed to the weld metal alone, are needed. Ductility under multiaxial loading plays a key role in the structural adequacy of weldments subject to cyclic loading. 

Analyses to determine the structural adequacy of the penetration support structure and the control rod components are performed. In addition, qualification tests on control rod and reserve shutdown assembly prototypes in a test rig, which simulates the penetration support structure and the reactor core, are undertaken to demonstrate the required performance in a seismic environment. 

An assessment of the structural adequacy of the Reactor Building was performed. The structural code used was ACl 349 modified in accordance with Section 3.8 of the PSID to be consistent with Regulatory Guide 1.142. (Ref. 14) The loads considered were ... 

A check needs to be made of the lateral stability and structural adequacy of the selected pile as an isolated pile to ensure that Mode C ofViggiani (1981) (see Figure 8.9(a) above) prevails in the event of slope movement of the upper layer. 

In multiple-story load-bearing FRP structures, passive protection methods appear appropriate to resist the passage of flames and hot gases from one space to another (structural integrity) and to maintain a temperature on the surface below specified limits (insulation). To delay stractural collapse for the code-specified 90min (structural adequacy), however, either a thickprotective layer of passive protection or an active protection method is required as well. Overall, no passive or active method is without weaknesses or compromises. For this reason, a combination of methods is usually employed. The proper combination depends strongly on the application. 

In the effective thickness asphalt overlay design method, the components of the rigid pavement are evaluated so that representative effective thickness is assigned and used in assessing structural adequacy (Asphalt Institute MS-17 3rd Edition). 

Structural adequacy evaluation by visual distress survey by MEPDG... 

The AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) (AASHTO 2008) recommends an assessment of structural adequacy of flexible or rigid pavements... 

Table 16.2 Distress types and levels recommended for assessing flexible pavement structural adequacy...

Having determined the RRD value, the structural adequacy of the pavement in terms of remaining ESAL (18 kps) can be estimated from Figure 16.42. 

This report documents the structural adequacy of Combustion Engineering s (C-E s) System 80+ ALWR steam generator internals to withstand a steam line rupture. 

Generally the role of the engineer is to develop the structure adequacy and ensure the structural function of the bridge according to the codes of practice. The role of the architect will generally involve only the esthetics function however, there are no codes of practice for that. 

The structural adequacy of the CEA guide tubes was evaluated linst the mechanical loads imposed by seismic and LOCA events and was reviewed and accepted by KINS staff during the licensing safety review. 

When an anchor is installed outside specified construction tolerances, the structural adequacy of the installation should be verified by the Engineer-of-Record and repair procedures implemented as necessary. 

The need to ensure that serviceability accords with constructability suggests that there is an implicit inference that structural safety reflects the wider concept of structural adequacy rather than solely the narrower aspect of structural integrity. 

PTofessor Brian Neale has suggested that the definition requires a perspective both in terms of time scale and in reference to today s culture and market conditions. Structural adequacy and structural safety are finite characteristics and need a measure of accountability to be reflected in the process through a corresponding time period. 

Combined with the requirement to accommodate thermal expansion would be several other thermal considerations. Structural elements in contact with the high temperature components such as the piping, turbine, and recuperator would have to maintain structural adequacy at elevated temperatures. 

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