Lateral stability

Oupicky D, Parker AL, Seymour LW (2002) Laterally stabilized complexes of DNA with linear reducible polycations strategy for triggered intracellular activation of DNA delivery vectors. J Am Chem Soc 124 8-9... 

A vertical laser beam has been used by Ashkin (1970) and Ashkin and Dziedzic (1971) to levitate weakly absorbing spherical particles by radiation pressure. Lateral stability results from the dominance of refracted over reflected components of the scattered light (see Table 7.1). Unequal reflection on opposite sides of the particle, which is caused by beam nonuniformity, produces a net force that drives the particle toward lower light levels this instability is countered by refraction, which produces a reaction that drives the particle toward higher light levels. The particle is thus laterally stabilized in the most intense part of the beam. Laser levitation has the disadvantage that it... 

The jigs illustrated in an earlier ASTM standard utilised ball bushings for the load application to slide in and the electrical contact was made through a circular plate. In principle, this arrangement gives good lateral stability but... 

Fry has used a similar system for the enzymatic reduction of pyruvate to L-lactate. In this case, the one-electron transfer redox catalyst, methyl viologen, and the lipoamide dehydrogenase are coimmobilized within a Nafion cation-exchange layer on the surface of a reticulated vitreous carbon electrode. As production enzyme, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was employed [48], which was later stabilized considerably in the form of cross-... 

For example, a potential solution to the stability problem is to use lateral stabilizer legs that are deployed when the manipulator arm is extended but must be retracted when the robot base moves. Let s assume that a decision is made to at least consider this solution. That potential design decision generates a new refined hazard from the high-level stability hazard (H2) ... 

A check needs to be made of the lateral stability and structural adequacy of the selected pile as an isolated pile to ensure that Mode C ofViggiani (1981) (see Figure 8.9(a) above) prevails in the event of slope movement of the upper layer. 

While the PTB socket design remains the default socket design today, several variants exist that enhance medial-lateral stability and/or socket suspension. The nominal suspension for a PTB prosthesis is the supracondylar cuff. (This design can be augmented by a waist belt and modified fork strap for improved suspension.) The PTB prosthesis is therefore indicated for individuals with good ligamentous structure or medial-lateral stability of the knee. Alternative PTB designs include suspension sleeves, the PTB-supracondylar (fTB-SC) socket, the ITB-suprapatellar (PTB/SP) socket, and the PTB-supracondylar-suprapatellar (PTB-SC/SP) socket (Fig. 33.10). 

The suspension sleeve may be silicone, latex, neoprene, or elastic. Since this sleeve does not provide medial-lateral stability, it requires inherent knee stability. The sleeve provides excellent suspension and helps mask the prosthetic socket trimlines. However, the sleeve is warm and may induce excessive perspiration and contribute to dermatological problems. As such, suspension sleeves may not be indicated for vascular patients. 

The medial and lateral walls of the PTB-SC design are extended proximally so as to enhance medial-lateral stability and provide suspension. This design in indicated for individuals with trans-tibial amputation who require increased medial-lateral stability and indicate dissatisfaction with the... 

The PTB socket may also be modified to extend the anterior brimline so as to enclose the patella. This PTB-SP design does not provide inherent medial-lateral stability but provides a hyperextension stop. Finally, the PTB-SC/SP design extends the proximal socket bdmlines anteriorly and medial-laterally, providing the hyperextension stop as for the PTB-SP design and the medial-lateral stability offered by the PTB-SC design. 

Hip Disarticulation Amputation Prostheses. The Canadian hip disarticulation prosthesis, introduced in the United States in 1954, is still used almost univers ly today. It consists of a foot, a shank, a prosthetic knee, a thigh, a hip joint/bumper/control strap, and a socket (Fig. 33.16). The hip disarticulation socket is essentially a bucket, providing a seat for the ischial tuberosity, medial-lateral stability, suspension, and support for weight bearing. 

The residual limb-prosthetic socket stresses are influenced by the fit of the socket and the alignment of the prosthesis. For transdbial amputees, medial-lateral stability is influenced by foot placement. Foot inset (or outset) may result in varas (or valgus) moments applied to the limb. Similarly, anterior-posterior stability is influenced by the fore-aft position (extension-flexion moment) of the foot, foot plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (extension-flexion moment), and heel durometer (soft heel increases foot plantarflexion). For transtibial amputees with normal knee extensors, knee flexion moments on heel strike are desired, as for individuals without amputation. 

It is also expected because benzene diazonium salt has the ability to react with the cellulose, thus forming azo compormd with improve compressive modulus. This enhanced the lateral stability of the cell wall. 

Solid and built-up beams must be checked for lateral stability against buckling. In the event this is exceeded, then either the design must be changed or some anti-buckling supports installed. One style of anti-buckling devices is die anti-buckling comb. 

The ratio of horizontal displacement and settlement was less than 0.5, it indicated that the GRPS embankment improved lateral stability of the embankment. 

A-6.2. Factors that affect the vehicle s lateral stability include the load s placement on the truck, the height of the load above the surface on which the vehicle is operating, and the vehicle s degree of lean. 

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