Strong synergism

There has been a revival of interest in recent years in antimony mercaptides as alternatives to the organo-tin stabilisers. This stems from the low level of toxicity and the strong synergism with calcium stearate. However, compared to the... 

D) Oxidative addition (insertion). In the limit of strong synergism, the H—H bond can be broken and two new M—H bonds formed. Although termed oxidative addition, this reaction does not necessarily deplete the metal of electron density (i.e., oxidize the metal). Rather, this reaction is fundamentally an insertion of the metal into the H—H bond. In the process, a lone pair of electrons at the metal and the electron pair of the H—H bond are uncoupled and then recoupled to form two M—H bonds. Whether synergistic H2 coordination or insertion prevails depends largely on the relative... 

Low synergistic ratios indicating antagonism by PBO (ratios from 0.15 to 0.33) were obtained with aldrin, parathion, malathion, aminocarb, and mexacarbate. PBO strongly synergized allethrin (SR 102). Assays where synergism was weak or absent... 

Organic disulfides and chloroorganic compounds in boundary lubrication conditions form iron sulfide (AHf = -1.04 eV), iron chloride (AHf = -3.54 eV), or iron bromide (AHf = -2.59 eV), which decrease wear and protect against seizure. Some chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons in the presence of DBDS produce strong synergism in severe conditions involving lubrication in metal cutting (McCarroll et al., 1978 Mould at al., 1973 Plaza, 1989 Plaza et al., 1993 Sakuri etal., 1967). 

MoDTC, MoDDP or MoAC + S-containig compounds. A strong synergism generates a drastic friction coefficient reduction below 0.065 (Tripaldi et al., 1999). 

As the result of the X-ray work of Kendrew on proteins and (most famously) Watson and Crick on DNA, for the first time biochemists actually knew the shapes of the molecules that they were working on. The beginning of modem biochemistry, which has progressed at a breakneck pace since, can be dated to that time. Advances in physics and chemistry, too, have spilled over and created a strong synergism for research on life. 

In our search for nitrite alternatives, as far as flavor and oxidative stability Is concerned, we examined the effect of commonly used adjuncts In meat curing, as well as a large ntimber of antloxldant/sequesterant systems (40-42). In particular, the effect of sodium ascorbate (SA) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STFF) on the oxidative state of cooked meats was studied. These additives lowered the TEA numbers by a factor of about 2 and 4, respectively (Table IV). When used In combination, a strong synergism was observed. Furthermore, an Increase In the concentration of SA and/or STFF resulted In a decrease In the TEA values as depicted In Figure 6 (43). Addition of 30 ppm of butylated hydroxyanlsole (EHA) or tert-butylhydroqulnone (TEHQ) further reduced the TEA numbers and In fact the latter values were even lower than those obtained for meats treated with sodium nitrite (Table IV) (41). 

The highly hydrophobic alkyd resin can serve as both reactant and coemulsifier (hydrophobe) in the mini-emulsion polymerization of alkyl (meth)acrylates [80, 110]. The strong synergism in the minidroplet nucleation was observed when highly hydrophobic unsaturated alkyd resin was used as the hydrophobe (>20 wt %). This feature is very different from the conventional coemulsifiers, such as long-chain alkanes and alcohols, that are effective around at 2 to 4%. 

Nanocomposite films of KGM and cadmium sulfide (CdS) were prepared by one-step synthesis in order to create stealthy materials e.g. for military applications [73]. SEM and TEM indicated that hexagonal CdS nanoparticles with the sizes of 10-100 nm were evenly dispersed in KGM. FTIR showed evidences of chelations of Cd " to the hydroxyl groups of KGM. Infrared emissivity values of the samples were carried out on an infrared emissometer and the results indicated that both KGM and CdS nanoparticles had high emissivity, but that of KGM/CdS nanocomposite film was much lower. That could be attributed to the KGM wrapping on the surface of CdS nanoparticles. Strong synergism effect existed also between KGM/chitosan and CdS particles, as detected by the low infrared emissivity value [74]. 

Recently, Coelho has investigated systematically the effect of different catalytic conditions, including ultrasound, ionic liquids and temperature, independently or combined, on the reaction rate and yield of MBH reaction. A strong synergic effect, which significantly increases the reaction rates and yields, was observed when the reactions were performed using an imidazolic ionic liquid catalyst, [(Bmim)PF6], at both 0 and 50 °C, compared with room temperature (Scheme 1.117). 

However, few studies have analyzed the in vivo relevance of these findings. Overall, most of the data suggest that berberine is a weak antimicrobial per se, but its activity is strongly synergized by other drugs. 

Guanidines Diphenyl guanidine (DPG) >=< C=NH Medium-speed accelerator Now largely used in conjunction with other accelerators. Strong synergism with MBT... 

Several other transition-metal oxides have been used in combination with ceria and ceria-zirconia for the simultaneous removal of NOx and soot. In Cu-doped ceria and ceria-zirconia, the incorporation of copper enhanced the NO oxidation ability of the ceria catalyst. The strong synergism between Cu and Ce species improves... 

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