Stress social anxiety disorder

OCD, panic disorder, general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress syndrome Depression, OCD, panic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder... 

Panic disorder Agoraphobia with panic disorder Agoraphobia without panic disorder Specific phobia Social phobia Generalised anxiety disorder Mild anxiety and depression disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Acute stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Adjustment disorder Panic disorder without agoraphobia Panic disorder with agoraphobia Agoraphobia Specific phobia Social phobia (also called social anxiety disorder) Generalised anxiety disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Acute stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)... 

The development of mild forms of anxiety and neuroveg-etative and/or cognitive responses to stress may represent an adaptive evolutionary step against environmentally (external) or self-triggered (internal) threats, but maladaptive reactions have also emerged in human evolution. Thus, anxiety disorders are maladaptive conditions in which disproportionate responses to stress, or even self-evoked responses, are displayed. Anxiety disorders are one of the most frequent psychiatric illnesses, and have a lifetime prevalence of 15- 20% [1, 89]. The most common presentations are generalized anxiety disorder, with a lifetime prevalence rate of close to 5% [1, 89] social anxiety disorder, with very variable lifetime prevalence rates ranging from 2 to 14% [90] panic disorder, with rates from 2 to 4% [1,89] and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a prevalence rate close to 8%. Specific phobias, acute stress and obsessive-compulsive behavior are other clinical presentations of anxiety disorders. 

Panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder PO Adults, Elderly. 

In four instances, the agency has invoked this rule at the time of approval of supplements for new indications for psychotropic drugs already approved for other psychiatric indications. It was noted in the approval letters for these supplements that, since the drugs in question would likely be used in children and/ or adolescents with the newly approved indications, the FDA required the sponsors of these products to conduct studies that would be pertinent to such use in the pediatric population. Since the products were ready for approval in adults, the FDA deferred the required pediatric studies to a future date. Alternatively, sponsors could make an argument for waiver of the requirement. The drug products and indications for which the FDA has required studies under the Pediatric Rule are as follows paroxetine for social anxiety disorder sertraline for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) olanzapine for acute mania in bipolar disorder and fluoxetine in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). 

Beta-blocker—Drug that suppresses the autonomic stress response that causes fear-like symptoms brought on by social anxiety disorder. 

The nosology of anxiety disorders has changed considerably over the past 40 years (141). Such disorders were not mentioned in the original DSM. In DSM-II, problems with anxiety were considered a subset of behavioral disorders and were restricted to overanxious and withdrawing reactions. The DSM-III defined three types of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents overanxious, avoidant, and separation disorder. The DSM-III also acknowledged that children and adolescents could meet adult criteria for simple phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In DSM-IV ( 45), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social phobia (or social anxiety disorder with childhood onset) replaced overanxious disorder and avoidant disorder, respectively. 

Davidson JR. Use of benzodiazepines in social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and posttrau-matic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 65(suppl 5) 29-33. 

Clinicians will readily recognize in Table 3.7 the experiences reported by many of their patients when receiving treatment for depression or other related psychiatric disorders. By looking at the Function affected column, it is possible to understand why some medications (say, SSRIs) are effective in variable degrees in several conditions associated with serotonin dysfunction (depression, OCD, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and bulimia nervosa). 

Noradrenergic model. This model suggests that the autonomic nervous system of anxious patients is hypersensitive and overreacts to various stimuli. The locus ceruleus may have a role in regulating anxiety, as it activates norepinephrine release and stimulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Chronic noradrenergic overactivity down regulates 02-adrenoreceptors in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) appear to have a hyperresponsive adrenocortical response to psychological stress. 

Ballenger J C et al 1998 Consensus statement on social anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 59 54-60 Ballenger J C et al 2000 Consensus statement on posttraumatic stress disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 60-66 Ballenger J C et al 2001 Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 62 53-58... 

Sertraline hydrochloride is used in the management of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and social anxiety disorder. 

Obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, social anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, dysthymia, premature ejaculation. Citalo-pram (investigational) is used for dementia, smoking cessation, ethanol abuse, OCD in children with diabetic neuropathy. Sertraline and Sarafem (contains fluoxetine) are also used to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder. 

GAD, generalized anxiety disorder PD, panic disorder OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder SAD, social anxiety disorder PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder. Also indicated as an anticonvulsant. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision classifies anxiety disorders into several categories generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, OCD, PTSD, and acute stress disorder (ASD). The characteristic features of these illnesses are anxiety and avoidance behavior. Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder are discussed in Chap. 69. 

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