Galactose fermentation

Thomas, T. D. and Crow, V. L. 1984. Selection of galactose-fermenting Streptococcus thermophilus in lactose-limited chemostat cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 186-191. 

Forward mutations in E. coli. These mutations depend on mutation of galactose nonfermenting E. coli to galactose fermenting E. coli or the change from 5-methyltryptophane to 5-methyltryptophane resistance. 

Barbier N, Saulnier P, Chachaty E, Dumontier S, Andremont A (1996) Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing versus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological typing of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. 1 Cfin Microbiol 34 1096-1099 Basso A, Goffo A, Rossi G, Contemo N (1994) A preliminary characterization of the microflora of Montasio cheese - Occurrence of galactose fermenting strains in cheese and in natural starter cultures. Mic Aliments Nutri 12 139-144... 

The work of Leloir and his group provided the facts in support of the scheme. Cell-free extracts of a galactose-fermenting Saccharomyces fragilis were studied. A galactokinase was found which carries out reaction 77. 

Addition of the low percentage of glucose helps cells transition quickly to the new medium and is used quickly before the cells switch to fermenting galactose. 

Racemic mannose yeast- /-mannose + C02 + ethanol Similarly, (/-glucose, /-fructose, or (/-galactose yeasl> C02 + ethanol However, /-glucose, (/-fructose, or /-galactose yeast > no fermentation... 

Another fermentation process is described by Fayolle et al.14 In this work, processes producing lactic acid bacteria were studied. Samples were extracted from the reactor and assayed by conventional methods and scanned in the IR. Equations were generated, using PLS, for lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and biomass. The SEP for each of these constituents was, respectively, 3.4, 1.5, 0.9, and 0.9 g/1. 

Fayolle et al. used a remote system to monitor on-line fermentations.15 Both the substrates (glucose, fructose, lactose, and galactose) and the metabolites (ethanol and lactic acid) were monitored. The equations used were built with PLS. The reference method was HPLC. For the alcohol fermentation, glucose, fructose, and ethanol had SEPs (in g/1) of 3.5, 4.5, and 3.8, respectively. For the lactic acid fermentation, the SEPs for lactose, galactose, and lactic acid were 4.1, 1.4, and 2.0, respectively. 

For monitoring the extent of polysaccharide hydrolysis, l.c. methods that sepeu ate and analyze the non-fermentable oligosaccharides (d.p. 3-30) derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins are useful, and have already been described (see Section III,l,c). For determination of the monosaccharide composition of completely hydrolyzed, plant polysaccharides, l.c. is especially useful and has been applied to the compositional analysis of hydrolyzed plant fiber,wood pulps,plant cell-walls,and cotton fibers.In these representative examples, the major sugars of interest, namely, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose, have traditionally been difficult to resolve by l.c. The separa-... 

Fermentation procedures useful for the production of uridine 5 -(a-D-galactopyranosyl pyrophosphate) involve the cultivation of bacterial mutant-strains that are deficient in the 4"-epimerase for 30 (see Section V,l,b, p. 369) in D-galactose-containing media,245-247 or by incubating Torulopsis Candida cells with uridine 5 -phosphate, D-galactose, potassium phosphate, and magnesium sulfate.248... 

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