Strength of explosive

Table 2. Shear Strengths of Explosively Clad Metals...

Ra.m Tensile. A ram tensile test has been developed to evaluate the bond-2one tensile strength of explosion-bonded composites. The specimen is designed to subject the bonded interface to a pure tensile load. The cross-section area of the specimen is the area of the aimulus between the outer and inner diameters of the specimen. The specimen typically has a very short tensile gauge length and is constmcted so as to cause failure at the bonded interface. The ultimate tensile strength and relative ductihty of the explosion-bonded interface can be obtained by this technique. 

Bulk (or Volume) Strength of Explosives. See Cartridge Strength in Vol 2, p C8I-R... 

Strength of Explosives, Test. See Vol 1, p XXIV and under Power of Explosives Determination... 

Farmer s Dynamite. An inexpensive Brit 40% strength expl (See Strength of Explosives in Vol 1 of Encycl, p XXIV) employed for breaking up sub-soil, making holes for trees, poles or other agricultural purposes. 

Pouvoir ou Force des explosifs, Essais (Power or Strength of Explosives, Tests),... 

The strength of explosives is determined by Trauzl or lead block test. In this test, volume increase produced by the detonation of an explosive under test in the cavity of a soft lead block is measured. This volume increase is a measure of the strength of an explosive. It is a comparative method for determination of strength of an explosive. The principle of this test is illustrated in the Figure 3.21. 

Strength of Explosives, Test. According to Marshall 2, (1917),469 "Trauzl s lead block test affords a ready means of ascertaining the approximate relative strength of explosives. As power of explosives is also detd by the same test, it seems that there is no difference between strength and power... 

Volume Strength. See under Strength of Explosives in Vol 9, S219-R... 

Tensile Strength of Explosives. Ref 2 contains tensile strength data obtained with the procedure outlined In ASTM D638 (27) (1968),... 

Trauzl, an officer in the pioneer corps of the Austrian army, proposed the lead block method for the determination of the strength of explosive materials. The first international standardization of his method was enacted in 1904. 

The variable initiator test using the MKIII ballistic mortar and the ballistic pendulum is very effective to evaluate these materials 35 c 8 . The probability of occurance of deflagration can be determined from the strength of explosion in the ballistic mortar or ballistic pendulum test. However, this method cannot be used for detonating materials that may damage the test equipment... 

Dynamic Tensile Strength of Explosives. PETN, LX-04-1, PBX 9404, PBX 9011 and RX-08-AZ were tested using the Hopkinson split-bar technique. This technique allows data acquisition up to strain rates of ca 5 X 10 in/in/sec. The " dynamic tensile strength.of these expls is ca four times greater than their " static strength ... 

Static electricity 622 Static pressure action on explosives 1 Stilbene. nitroderivativesof 208. 217 Strength of explosives, increasing the 17 Strength of mining explosives 525 determination by firing in a coal burden... 

Novel information on explosive properties Calculation of detonation properties Sensitivity of explosives to impact Action of ultrasonic waves and laser pulse Action of irradiation Influence of high temperature Increasing the strength of explosives by adding metals References... 

A popular method of increasing the strength of explosives is by adding aluminium and less frequently calcium silicide, ferro-silicon, silicon (Vol. Ill,... 

Black powder with potassium nitrate and with sodium nitrate (the latter-German Sprengsalpeter ) is widely used for mining when a low strength of explosive is required, for example in quarries where large and undamaged blocks are needed or when the material is soft (e.g. slate). 

Apart from such a practical method of determining the strength of explosives the following are the laboratory methods of examining the strength of explosives... 

The concept of specific energy can be explained as follows. When we imagine the reaction of an explosive to proceed without volume expansion and without heat evolution, it is possible to calculate a theoretical thermodynamic value of the pressure, which is different from the shockwave pressure (- Detonation) if this pressure is now multiplied by the volume of the explosive, we obtain an energy value, the specific energy , which is the best theoretically calculable parameter for the comparison of the - Strengths of explosives. This value for explosives is conventionally given in meter-tons per kg. 

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