Strength evaluations

Color Difference Evaluation. Shade evaluation is comparable in importance to relative strength evaluation for dyes. This is of interest to both dye manufacturer and dye user for purposes of quaUty control. Objective evaluation of color differences is desirable because of the well-known variabihty of observers. A considerable number of color difference formulas that intend to transform the visually nonuniform International Commission on Illumination (CIE) tristimulus color space into a visually uniform space have been proposed over the years. Although many of them have proven to be of considerable practical value (Hunter Lab formula, Friele-MacAdam-Chickering (FMC) formula, Adams-Nickerson formula, etc), none has been found to be satisfactorily accurate for small color difference evaluation. Correlation coefficients for the correlation between average visually determined color difference values and those based on measurement and calculation with a formula are typically of a magnitude of approximately 0.7 or below. In the interest of uniformity of international usage, the CIE has proposed two color difference formulas (CIELAB and CIELUV) one of which (CIELAB) is particularly suitable for appHcation on textiles (see Color). 

LAMINATE STRENGTH EVALUATION Figure 4-35 Laminate Strength-Analysis Elements... 

Finally, both the state of the material and the state of stress affect the laminate strength evaluation. That is, the actual temperature and moisture conditions influence the laminae strengths. Taken together with the laminae stresses, the laminae strengths and the laminate loads lead to an evaluation of the laminate capabilities. 

Here (j is the CG update parameter. In the above equations, e = e (tj) o vector notation for the discretized electric field strength, = g (fj) o objective functional J with respect to the field strength (evaluated at a field strength of e t) and dk = d (t ) o search direction at the feth iteration. The time has been discretized into N time steps, such as that tj=jx )t, where j = 0,1,2, , N. Different CG methods correspond to different choices for the scalar (j. ... 

Dienes in quasi-s-fraws conformation are found only in cyclic structures where perfect planarity is hindered. The DR also holds valid for this kind of conformation, as demonstrated by the considerations of Section II.D.l.a and also confirmed by all the reported calculations. Indeed, contrary to what is sometimes found for cisoid systems, the rotational strength evaluated by many types of calculation is invariably found to follow the diene rule for transoid systems. However, very small skew angles are usually found in real molecules and this implies that the main contribution to the observed optical activity cannot come from the weak intrinsic distortion, but is more likely to stem from the dissymmetric perturbations, notably of the allylic axial substituents. 

INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BONDS. METHODOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR STRENGTH EVALUATION... 

A good example occurs in the alkali spectra the integrated oscillator strength evaluated over the optical range is approximately 1 for all alkalis. This proves that the other electrons (i.e. those in the core) hardly participate in the visible spectrum. If, however, observations are extended to very high excitation energies, one eventually breaks into deeper electronic shells (see chapter 7), and so a separate sum rule will apply for inner-shell excitation. For instance, we may expect an oscillator strength of 10 for excitation from a d, subshell. 

We previously reported on a method of superacidic strength evaluation based on the measurement by 13C-NMR spectroscopy of the degree of protonation... 

Xe(x) represents the mean concentration normalized by the source strength, evaluated at the value of y corresponding to the visible edge of the plume and integrated through the depth of the plume. 

Kyoya, T. Terada, K. 2001. A Multiscale Structural Analysis and its Application to a Strength Evaluation for Fissured Media (in Japanese). JSCE 680/III-55 pp.49-64. 

Static Strength Evaluation. Ami et al. (Ref 18) investigated the microstmctures and failure mechanisms of spot friction welds in aluminum 5754 lap-shear specimens. In this investigation, aluminum 5754 sheets with thickness of 1.0 mm were used. The lap-shear specimens are made by using two 25.4 by 101.6 mm coupons with a... 

Unfortunately, tensile strength evaluation depends on the direction of applied load with respect to a fixed axis in the molded test specimen. Therefore, the tensile behavior of short GFRP composites is anisotropic in nature. Consequently, the use of uniaxial values of tensile strength are of little practical use in product design. 

Croccolo, D., De Agostinis, M., Vincenzi, N., 2010. Static and dynamic strength evaluation of interference fit and adhesively bonded cylindrical joints. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 30 (5), 359-366. 

Sawa, T., Yoneno, M., Motegi, Y. (2001). Stress analysis and strength evaluation of bonded shrink fitted joints subjected to torsional loads. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 15(1), 23-42. 

Strengths Evaluation of large number of alternative Realistic representation of the... 

Finally, another important characteristic usually evaluated in the composite membranes is the mechanical stability. Thus, an improvement of the mechanical strength (evaluated at 125 °C) with the content of Ti02 and for the case of Ti0S04 was observed in doped PA PBI-based composite membranes. Formation of nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles results in an increase of the... 

Schniewind, A. P., Kronkright, D. P. (1984). Strength evaluation of deteriorated wood treated with consolidants. In N. S. Brommelle (Ed.), Adhesives and consolidants, Paris Congress, 2-8 September 1984 Preprints (pp. 146-150). International Institute for Conservation. 

Reverse Engineering and FEM Analysis for Mechanical Strength Evaluation of Complete Dentures A Case Study... 

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