Strategy use

Because this problem is complex several avenues of attack have been devised in the last fifteen years. A combination of experimental developments (protein engineering, advances in x-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), various time-resolved spectroscopies, single molecule manipulation methods) and theoretical approaches (use of statistical mechanics, different computational strategies, use of simple models) [5, 6 and 7] has led to a greater understanding of how polypeptide chains reach the native confonnation. 

Chemical Modification. The chemistry and synthetic strategies used in the commercial synthesis of cephalosporins have been reviewed (87) and can be broadly divided into ( /) Selection of starting material penicillin precursors must be rearranged to the cephalosporin nucleus (2) cleavage of the acyl side chain of the precursor (2) synthesis of the C-7 and C-3 side-chain precursors (4) acylation of the C-7 amino function to introduce the desked acylamino side chain (5) kitroduction of the C-3 substituent and 6) protection and/or activation of functional groups that may be requked. 

Chang, C.-T. and Epstein, M.A.F., 1982. Identification of batch crystallization control strategies using characteristic curves. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, 78(215), 68-75. 

The following techniques can be used to collect data about human performance in CPI tasks and provide input to task analysis methods described in Section 4.3. These data can include process information critical for the task, control strategies used by the workers, diagnostic plans etc. A distinction can be made among data collection methods that provide qualitative data (such as interviews, observations, and sources of documentation) and methods that can be used to measure aspects of performance (such as activity analysis, simulations, and information withholding). The latter methods can provide more precise data which can be quantified. 

The following summarizes strategy used in choosing the optimal column and running HOPC. 

The general strategy used by the SCF method (after initial setup steps) is as follows ... 

This strategy using super nonionic strong base is also applied to less reac compounds The reaction of Tnitronaphthalenev/ith ethyl isocyanoacetate proceeds very slowly in the presence of DBU, but this reaction is accelerated by the use of phosphazene base to give the corresponding pyrrole in reasonable yield fEq 10 36 ... 

Strategy Use Equations 1.1 and 1.2 above. Solve for the desired quantity, t°P in the first case, rK in the second. 

The strategy used to calculate the simplest formula depends to some extent on which of these types of information is given. The basic objective in each case is to find the number of moles of each element, then the simplest mole ratio, and finally the simplest formula. 

Strategy Use Equation 3.3 to find the number of moles of Sbl3 and then the mass in grams (1 mol Sbl3 = 502.5 g Sbl3). 

Strategy Use the conversion factor obtained from the equation for the reaction ... 

Strategy Use the equation u = (3RTIMM)112 remember to use the proper value of R = 8.31 X 103g m2/(s2-mol-K). Be careful about units ... 

Strategy Use the selection rules for the four quantum numbers to find the sets that could not occur. For the valid sets, identify the principal level and sublevel... 

Strategy Use the phase diagram in Figure 9.5. Note that P increases moving up vertically T increases moving to the right. 

Strategy Use Figure 9.18 to determine along what line ions touch. SOLUTION... 

Strategy Use Henry s law in any problem involving gas solubility and pressure. Perhaps the simplest approach is to use the data at one atmosphere to calculate k. Then apply Henry s law to calculate Cg at the higher pressure. Note that it is the partial pressure of N2 that is required use the relation PNj = XNj X Ptot to find it... 

Strategy Use the principle that atomic and mass numbers must balance to find the symbol of the product nucleus. 

---