Alternative strategies to the use of chlorine for disinfection

Ozone Effective disinfectant, kills rapidly Must be produced on-site, harmful to humans 

Hydrogen peroxide (H202) Potential as disinfectant Affect sensory qualities of some products, harmful to humans, not applicable to all products 

Irradiation Very effective disinfectant May affect sensory qualities, harmful to humans, not permitted in organic food production 

Organic acids Effective alone or on combination with other sanitizers, simple products such as lemon juice or vinegar may be used Not useful for all products, may have adverse effects on sensory qualities, may lead to loss of germination percentage when used on seeds 

Essential oils (EOs) Most effective for grampositive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant, adverse sensory effects 

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