Commonly used treatment strategies

In general, MCOs with formulary programs use a variety of methods to enforce formulary adherence. These methods vary in their restrictions, and typically include financial incentives for both prescribers and patients. Table 43.1 lists and defines typical restriction methods, such as prior authorization and treatment limitations. Table 43.2 lists commonly used enforcement strategies and financial incentives, including switch programs, differenti-ated/tiered co-payments, and education programs. 

Treatment of acute opioid withdrawal is largely pharmacological. Most commonly, a replacement strategy is used where the person is switched to a longer-acting, oral opioid such as methadone. 

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