Straight chain alkylated

W. M. Linfteld, "Straight-Chain Alkyl ammonium Compounds," in E. Jungermaim, ed.. Cationic Surfactants, Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,... 

As shown in Table 3, the glass-transition temperatures of the amorphous straight-chain alkyl vinyl ether homopolymers decrease with increasing length of the side chain. Also, the melting points of the semicrystalline poly(alkyl vinyl ether)s increase with increasing side-chain branching. 

CH2Br2, NaOH, H2O, Adogen, reflux, 3 h, 76-86% yield. Adogen = R3N CH3C1 , phase-transfer catalyst (R — Cg-C,o straight-chain alkyl groups). Earlier methods required anhydrous conditions and aprotic solvents. 

Adogen = MeR3N CI. phase transfer catalyst R = Cg-C Q straight chain alkyl groups... 

The oxidation described here was performed in 80% (v/v) acetonitrile — 20 % water (mole fraction of water = 0.42) at 35.0 °C. Figure 2 shows the selectivity as a function of the number of carbon atoms in R2. In the case of oxidation of la and 2a (R2 = branched alkyl groups), the selectivity reaches a sharp maximum (r = 2.4) at the isopentyl group (j = 2)l8). For R2 = straight-chain alkyl groups, alternation in the selectivity is clearly observed 18). The difference between the r value for la and 2a2 and that for la and 2h2 reaches up to 3.7. 

Table 3.4 Some Straight-Chain Alkyl Groups ...

The most common ingredient in shampoos is also the most common detergent in use in other products a class of surfactants known as straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonates. Examples are ammonium lauryl sulfate, its sodium relative, and the slightly larger but related molecule ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (sometimes abbreviated as ammonium laureth sulfate). 

Microbes could not break down branch-chain detergents, so they left foam in river water. They were replaced by straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonates, such as sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate and sodium xylenesulfonate. 

Cyclic and a,(3-unsaturated ketones also gave high e.e. but straight-chain alkyl ketones did not. 

FIGURE 3.6 Chiral helical hexagonal structure of urea and thiourea adducts. A chiral guest generates one helical form. (Straight chain alkyl guests fit in the urea adduct channel larger molecules such as trans-decalin fit in thiourea adduct channel.)... 

Organometallic formation may result from a chain mechanism [Eqs. (21)-(23) and (18)—(20)] and/or radical displacement [Eqs. (21)-(23), alone]. The reaction of 13C-labeled mercuric cyclohexanoate with cyclohexylcarbonyl peroxide (1 1) gave mainly unlabeled organomercu-rial, which was derived from radical displacement (122). Decarboxylation by a chain mechanism was reported for the syntheses of organomercuric carboxylates of straight chain alkyls [R = Me(CH2) , n - 0-8, 10, or 15 (123-131)], branched alkyls [R = Me2CH(CH2) , n = 0 or 2 (132) or Me3C(CH2) , n = 0-2 (133)], substituted alkyls [R = cyclopentylmethyl... 

Formation of RMs by Aliquat-336 in isooctane can be achieved by addition of a co-solvent (straight chain alkyl alcohols) [42,44]. Only those alcohols having low solubility in water can be used as co-solvents for formation of RMs [441. Some of the general co-solvents (Table 1) employed are long chain alcohols, acetates, butyrates, etc. [431. 

The product structures available in this process are primarily determined by components in the paraffinic distillates used. The heterogeneity of virgin distillates has been illustrated by API sponsored work on distillate components 21). The preferred predominance of relatively straight-chain alkyl groups may be effected by combinations of selection of paraffin distillate source, and use of acid or solvent refining to effect enrichment of paraffinic components. With the advent of the urea precipitation technique of isolating the n-paraffins 26), particularly those in the decyl to hexadecyl range, it is now possible to produce products which are limited principally to the isomeric secondary phenyl alkanes a dodecyl benzene mixture prepared by this process from a 95+% n-dodecane would consist essentially of the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-phenyl-substituted dodec-anes. 

Trialkoxyboranes with straight-chain alkyl groups are converted by sulfur tetrafluoride into fiuoroalkanes in 30-85 % yield, e.g. formation of 32, while alkoxyboranes with branched alkyl... 

Saturated—the state in which all available valence bonds of an atom, especially carbon, are attached to other atoms. The straight-chain alkyls (paraffins) are typical saturated compounds. Several fatty acids found in oils and fats are listed in Table 1. Where no double- or tnple-bonds are available, such compounds cannot be hydrogenated because diere are no places for attaching additional hydrogen atoms. 

In cases of extensive branching, as for the alkylbenzenesulfonates, the CnH2n+2 1°33 series is significantly perturbed compared to the straight chain alkyl sulfates, but it is sufficiently abundant to show perturbations in the loss pattern. These perturbations may be interpretable for identifying branch points. N-Acylated amino acids also show a suppressed remote charge site loss series because the preferred fragmentations are the decarboxylation of the parent anion and formation of the carboxylate anion of the amino acid (8). 

Switching the alkyne substituent from branched alkyl to straight-chain alkyl groups leads to crystalline order that is dominated by interactions between the alkyl chains, which arrange as an insulating layer between the anthracene chro-... 

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